Neuro Lec 4

Front 1

lower motorneurons

Back 1

connect directly or muscle fiber

Front 2

upper motorneurons

Back 2

descending axons from cortex and brainstem

Front 3

basal ganglia (in terms of neuromuscular)

Back 3

modlualtes motor cortex output

Front 4

cerebellum (in terms of neuromuscular)

Back 4

modlualtes brainstem output

Front 5

alpha motorneurons

Back 5

lower, get extrafusal muscle fibers

Front 6

gamma motor neurons

Back 6

- lower, get intrafusal motorneurons, smaller than alpha
- helps take up slack caused by contraction of extrafusal

Front 7

IA afferant fibers

Back 7

largest and fastest, excitatory in muscle stretched and inhibitory interneruon in antogonistic muscle

Front 8

IB afferant fibers

Back 8

large and fast, excitatory in antogonistic muscle and inhibitory interneruon in muscle stretched

Front 9

motor cortex in descending pathways

Back 9

plan, initiate and direct voluntary movement - axons are the longes in CNS and run dorsolateral in spinal cord

Front 10

brainstem in descending pathways

Back 10

posture and balance - neurons arise form vestibular and reticular nuclei - axons run in medial ventral spinal cord to get posture muscles

Front 11

cerebellum in descending pathways

Back 11

sensory motor coordination - influences output from motor cortex and brainstem

Front 12

basal ganglia in descending pathways

Back 12

initation of movement - influences output from motor cortex and brainstem

Front 13

vestibular pathway

Back 13

in brainstem - maintains balance via inner ear inputs

Front 14

reticular pathway

Back 14

in brainstem - maitains balance from input from brainstem or cortical motor centers to maintain equilibrium during movement

Front 15

ventral medulla damage

Back 15

only place where corticospinal tract is isolated - have difficulty with fine finger movements

Front 16

dorsolateral funiculus lesion

Back 16

can fractionate movement - slow, less accureate movement

Front 17

corticospinal tract lesion

Back 17

- initially can fractionate movement - slow, less accureate movement
- then only the fingers can't fractionate movement

Front 18

premotor cortex damage

Back 18

- linked to basal ganglia
- aproxia - where you can't develop strategies for complex movements (brushing teeth)

Front 19

premotor cortex lateral neurons

Back 19

- fire in perparation for movments elicited by external stimuli
- if damaged, cant decide what movement to make

Front 20

premotor cortex medial neurons

Back 20

- fire in perparation for volatile movments elicited by internal stimuli - active when doing complex thins by memory

Front 21

Myasthenia garvis associated w/

Back 21

thyroid disease, amenia, DMI, rhemetoid arthitis, lupus, increase MHC markers (thymectory helps)

Front 22

Myasthenia garvis ACh

Back 22

- the ACh relased is normal, but EPP is smaller
- as # decreases w/ RNS, EPP's fall bacuase they cant reach the threshold

Front 23

Myasthenia garvis diagnosis

Back 23

- give endrophonium slows ACh hydrolysis - will help those w/ MG so used to diagnose
- test RNS for ACh Ab levels

Front 24

Myasthenia garvis treatment that helps NT release

Back 24

pyridostigmine, neostigmine

Front 25

Myasthenia garvis treatment that helps immune suppression

Back 25

steriods, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, inhibit IL-2 to increase CD8 suppression and decrease CD4 helper