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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensor (Role of the nervous system)
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Receives all environmental and bodily generated changes
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Effector (Role of nervous system)
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Initiates all body movements
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Integrator (Role of Nervous system)
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Combines info received from all sources and modalities
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Regulator
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Maintain homeostasis for peak body performance
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External covering of the CNS
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-Tissue of nervous system is soft & fragile
-It can hold its shape without skeletal support, but it needs protection -Therefore, brain and spinal cord are encased with rigid framework of the skull and spinal column which are made of bone |
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The Brains Protection
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First line of defense is the bony skull
Further protection via the meninges |
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Name the brain's 3 layer of protective membranes
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1. Dura mater (tough mother)
2. Arachnoid layer (spider-like) 3. Pia Mater (tender-mother) |
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Explain Dura Mater
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The dura mater (tough mother) is the outermost layer and perforated in many places to allow for cranial nerves and blood vessels to enter. It is adherent to the medial surface of the bony skull with the exception to 2 locations (falx cerebri and tentorium)
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Explain the Arachnoid Layer
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This the middle layer and is spider-like
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Explain Pia Mater
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This is the innermost layer, the "tender-mother", it is thin and delicate, capillary-rich; adheres tightly to the brain's surface following each groove and crevice
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Subarachnoid space
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this is the space between the web-like process in the arachnoid layer
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The brain's fluid protection
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Filled with fluid known as cerebrospinal (CSF) which acts like a shock absorber for the brain. Produced by the choroid plexus.
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2 places where the dura mater loses contact with the bony skull
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Falx cerebri and Tentorium
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Falx Cerebri
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Lies between the 2 cerebral hemispheres in the mid-sagital plane
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Tentorium
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-Separates the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres
-Attached to the skull at the margin of the petrous bone and along the inferior part of occipital bone. -Infratentorial space- consists of cerebellum and brainstem -Supratentorial space- consists of the two cerebral hemispheres separated by the falx cerebri |
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Human brain weighs-
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1100-1400 grams or about 2 lbs
-makes up 2% of total body weight |
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Four major parts of the brain
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1.Brain stem (pons, medulla, midbrain)
2.Cerebellum 3.Diencephalon (Thalamus, hypothalamus, metathalamus, epithalamus) 4 Cerebrum (right and left cerebral hemispheres) |
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The Brainstem basics
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_A phylogenetically older part of the nervous system
-Serves more primitive functions are independent of conscious control (comitting, breathing, BP, blood/gas -Exit point for all cranial nerves except the Olfactory (1) and the optic nerve (ll) |
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Name 4 independent functions controlled by brainstem
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Vomiting, Breathing, Regulates blood pressure, blood/gas concentration
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Damage or pressure on the brainstem could lead to
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coma, unconsciousness or death
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Brainstem is divided into 2 portions
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1. Tegmental
2. Nontegmental |
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Tegmental
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Brainstem central core
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Non tegmental (discontinuous surface of brainstem)
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In medulla=(pyramids, located anteriorly)
In Pons = Ventral pons (pons proper), located anteriorly In midbrain=tectum cerebral peduncles (cres cerebri) |
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Brainstem is filled with what in its cavities
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CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
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Central Canal is where
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Begginning in the lower medulla and entering the brainstem from the spinal cord
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4th Ventricle
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In the upper medulla running to the lower midbrain, the canal opens into a larger space which is this
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What are the 3 openings that you will find in the widest part of the 4th ventricle
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2 foramina of Luschka and one foramen Magendie
These 3 openings are how the CSF gains access to the subarachnoid space surrounding the CNS |
