Nervous System

Front 1

part of the brain involved with balance and motor coordination

Back 1

cerebellum

Front 2

lobe of the cerebrum that is responsible for interpreting what we see

Back 2

occipital lobe

Front 3

part of the brain that helps to maintain homeostasis

Back 3

hypothalamus

Front 4

part of the brain that controls breathing and heartbeat

Back 4

medulla oblongata

Front 5

section of the brain made up of the hypothalamus and the thalamus

Back 5

diencephalon

Front 6

cells of the PNS that is under our concious control

Back 6

skeletal cells

Front 7

part of the PNS that is under our conscious control

Back 7

somatic

Front 8

lobe of the cerebelum which send voluntary commands to skeletal muscles

Back 8

frontal lobe

Front 9

thin outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of grey matter

Back 9

cerebrospinal fluid??

Front 10

type of neuron found within the CNS connecting sensory and motor neurons

Back 10

interneuron

Front 11

type of neuron which transmits messages away from the CNS

Back 11

motor neuron

Front 12

ion which leaves the neuron during repolarization

Back 12

K+

Front 13

two divisions of the ANS

Back 13

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 14

primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic division of the ANS

Back 14

acetylcholine

Front 15

gap between two neurons

Back 15

synapse

Front 16

CNS is protected by three membranes collectively known as

Back 16

meninges

Front 17

which root of spinal nerve contains motor fibers

Back 17

ventral root

Front 18

in the reflex arc the muscle or organ causing the response is known as

Back 18

effector

Front 19

number of pair of cranial nerves

Back 19

12 pairs

Front 20

name the 3 functions of the nervous system

Back 20

sensory input, integration, motor output

Front 21

this function of the nervous system is the body's link to the external environment

Back 21

sensory input

Front 22

this function of the nervous system is the director of the body's internal environment

Back 22

intergration

Front 23

this function of the nervous system works with the endocrine system to maintain homeostatis in the body

Back 23

motor output

Front 24

what are the two divisions of the nervous system

Back 24

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Front 25

what are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system

Back 25

the autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Front 26

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Back 26

symphathetic and parasympathetic

Front 27

the central nervous system is made up of what two parts

Back 27

the brain and the spinal cord

Front 28

the peripheral nervous system is made up of what two neurons

Back 28

motor and sensory neurons

Front 29

this nervous system controls voluntary movement

Back 29

somatic nervous system

Front 30

this nervous system controls involuntary responses

Back 30

autonomic nervous system

Front 31

this division of the autonomic NS is described as fight or flight

Back 31

sympathetic division

Front 32

this division of the autonomic NS is described as rest and digest

Back 32

parasympathetic division

Front 33

name the 2 types of cells found in the nervous system

Back 33

neurons and neuraglia (or glial cells)

Front 34

this cell is specialized to receive and transmit impulses

Back 34

neurons

Front 35

these are supporting cells - have no nerve impulses; outnumber neurons 9:1 (ie: shwann cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes)

Back 35

neuroglia or glial cells

Front 36

star shaped cells that provide physical and nutritional support for neurons

Back 36

astrocytes or astroglia

Front 37

these cells are similar to astrocytes, but digest parts of dead neurons

Back 37

microglia

Front 38

these glial cells provide insulation to neurons in the CNS

Back 38

oligodendroglia

Front 39

these cells provide support to neurons in the PNS

Back 39

satellite cells

Front 40

these cells provide the insulation (myelin) to neurons in the PNS

Back 40

schwann cells

Front 41

name the 3 different types of neurons

Back 41

sensory, interneuron and motor neurons

Front 42

this type of neuron carries info from the sensory receptors towards the CNS

Back 42

sensory or afferent neurons

Front 43

this type of neuron carries info between neurons within the CNS

Back 43

interneurons

Front 44

this type of neuron carries info away from the CNS; usually a muscle or a gland

Back 44

motor or efferent neurons

Front 45

this part of the neuron contains the nucleus

Back 45

cell body

Front 46

this part of the neuron is highly branched, are extensions of the cell body and pick up impulses towards the cell body

Back 46

dendrites

Front 47

this part of the neuron has a longer extension (usually only one); transmits impulses away from the cell body; branches at the end

Back 47

the axon

Front 48

this part of the neuron is made of lipid and protein; is an insulator; is a protective covering of the axon

Back 48

myelin sheath

Front 49

this cells produce the myelin sheath on an axon

Back 49

schwann cells

Front 50

this part of the axon is a gap in the myelin sheath; speeds up nerve impulse along the axon

Back 50

nodes of ranvier

Front 51

the brain and spinal cord are made up of these 2 types of nervous tissue

Back 51

gray matter and white matter

Front 52

this type of nervous tissue contains cell bodies and dendrites; non-myelinated; non-bundled axons

Back 52

gray matter

Front 53

this type of nervous tissue contains myelinated axons; bundled axons

Back 53

white matter

Front 54

the CNS is protected by these 3 things

Back 54

bones, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid

Front 55

this fluid is located in spaces between meninges; cushions and protects the CNS

Back 55

cerebral spinal fluid

Front 56

this part of the CNS is the center for the reflex arc

Back 56

the spinal cord

Front 57

this part of the CNS provides communication between the brain and most of the body

Back 57

the spinal cord

Front 58

this system receives sensory signals and sends them to higher centers

Back 58

the reticular activating system

Front 59

this system functions to arouse the cerebrum via the thalamus and causes a person to be alert

Back 59

reticular activating system

Front 60

name the 2 significant structures in the limbic system

Back 60

amygdala and hippocampus

Front 61

this system joins primitive emotions with higher functions

Back 61

limbic system

Front 62

this part of the limbic system has emotional overtones (the sensation of fear); influenced by past knowledge; frontal cortex can override and cause a person to rethink overreaction

Back 62

amygdala

Front 63

this part of the limbic system is important to learning, storing and retrieving memories; encodes and detemines what information is to be stored in memory

Back 63

hippocampus

Front 64

the peripheral nervous system is made up of what 2 things

Back 64

nerves and ganglia

Front 65

signals that travel from neuron to neuron through this

Back 65

synapse

Front 66

how many pairs of spinal nerves does the body have

Back 66

31

Front 67

this type of nerve conducts impulses to and from the spinal cord; contains a mixture of sensory and motor neurons

Back 67

spinal nerves

Front 68

this type of nerve conducts impulses to and from the brain; some of these nerves contain only motor, only sensory and some are a mixture of both

Back 68

cranial nerves

Front 69

this system contains nerves that serve involuntary muscle (cardiac/smooth) and glands

Back 69

antonomic nervous system

Front 70

this neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic NS

Back 70

acetycholine

Front 71

this neurotransmitter is associated with the sympathetic NS

Back 71

norepinephrine

Front 72

this nervous system contains nerves that serve skin, voluntary muscle (skeletal) and tendons

Back 72

somatic nervous system

Front 73

an automatic response to a stimulus

Back 73

reflex

Front 74

sensory receptor > sensory neuron > interneuron > motor neuron > effector

Back 74

reflex arc

Front 75

what are the 2 halves of the cerebrum called

Back 75

the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Front 76

an extensive bridge of nerve tracts in the cerebrum

Back 76

corpus callosum

Front 77

name the 4 lobes each of the hemispheres are divided into

Back 77

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Front 78

this area of the brain consists of the hypothalamus and the thalamus

Back 78

the diencephalon

Front 79

this part of the brain maintains homeostasis and controls the pituitary gland

Back 79

hypothalamus

Front 80

this part of the brain receives all sensory input except for smell

Back 80

thalamus

Front 81

this part of the brain maintains posture and balance, ensures muscle solidarity and helps in learning new motor skills

Back 81

cerebellum

Front 82

name the 3 parts of the brain stem

Back 82

medulla, midbrain, pons

Front 83

regulates breathing rate, coordinates head movements

Back 83

pons

Front 84

regulates heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure; reflex for vomitting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping and swallowing

Back 84

medulla oblongata

Front 85

relay station for tracts passing between cerebrum and spinal cord; reflex centers for visual auditory and tactile responses

Back 85

midbrain

Front 86

receives sensory signals and sends to higher centers; sends signals to spinal cord;

Back 86

reticular activating system