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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frontal lobe |
Involved in executive functions |
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Parietal Lobe |
Involved in motor function |
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Occipital lobe |
Involved in visual processing |
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Temporal lobe |
Involved in hearing, speech recognitionand language |
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Brainstem |
Consists of Midbrain, pons and the Medulla in that descending order |
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Cerebellum |
Hindbrain structure, important role in motor coordination, balance and posture.
Not vital for life |
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Spinal Cord |
Decends down from medulla, coordination of reflex actions. |
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Unipolar cells |
nucleus and one projection from cell body |
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Pseudo-unipolar cells |
Nucleus with a single projection from the cell body that divides into two. |
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Multipolar cells |
Many projections from the cell body. 3 types, Pyramidal, Purkynje and Golgi cells. |
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Bi-polar |
2 projections from the cell body |
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Purkinje cells |
GABA neurons found in the cerebellum |
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Pyramidal cells |
Neuron with a pyramid shaped cell body |
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Golgi cells |
Golgi type I neuron is a neuron which has a long axon that begins in the grey matter of the central nervous system and may extend from there. Golgi II neurons, in contrast, are defined as having short axons or no axon at all. |
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Neurone |
Excitable cells of the CNS, non dividing cells with heterogeneous morphology. |
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Similar features of all neurones |
Soma, Axon, Dendrites |
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Soma |
Cell body. Nucleus, ribosomes, neurofilaments present. |
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Axon |
Long process. Only 1 present in each neurone. Can branch off into collaterals. Responsible for sending out information from the soma. Mostly covered in myelin. |
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Dendrites |
Receive signals from other neurones. Highly branched structures. |
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Astrocytes |
Most abundant cell type in the CNS. Support neurones and are able to proliferate. They are structural cells, important in cell repair and regulate neurotransmitter release and uptake. They also are faculative magrophages so have an immune role. |
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Oligodendrocytes |
Cells producing the myelin for neurones in the CNS only. One cell can produce myelin for many axons as the cells have variable morphology and have numerous projections that form internodes of myelin. |
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Schwann Cells |
The cells forming the myelin sheath for peripheral neurones. One schwann cell produces myelin for one region of the axon. |
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Microglial cells |
These are similar to macrophages and have an immune function in the CNS. |
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Ependymal Cell |
Epithelial cells that line fluid filled vessels and regulate the production and movement of cerebrospinal fluid. |
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Resting membrane potential |
High intracellular [K+] and high extracellular [Na+] and [Cl-] (Very large [Ca2+] difference so Ca2+ influx). This is due to the Na+K+ATPase pump action so 3Na+ out of cell for 2 K+ into cell. This produces a resting potential of -70mV in human neurones. |
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Action Potential |
Voltage Gated Na+ channels (VGSC) and Voltage Gated K+ channels (VGKC) closed. VGSC opens causing depolarisation of the membrane and Na+ influx. VGKC open causing K+ efflux and repolarization. This continues down the axon. |
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Saltatory conduction |
The Action Potential spreads by 'cable transmission' and jumps between nodes because the myelin has a high resistance to ion movement and has a low capacitance so won't store charge. |
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Synapse |
Conversion of electrical signal to chemical to electrical. Action potential arrives at synapse. VG Ca2+ channel opens causing Ca2+ influx. Vesicles of neurotransmitter are released into the synaptic cleft. These bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. Action Potential is generated |
