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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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___ in the SC is continuous with the 4th ventricle
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central canal
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disc herniations are most common at ___ levels
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cervical
lumbosacral |
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in cervical region, prolapse of disc n--(n+1) affects nerve root ___
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n+1
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in lumbosacral region, prolapse of disc n--(n+1) affects nerve root ___
an exception to this is ___, which affects ___ and ___, which affects ___ |
n+1
far lateral herniations n central herniations n+2 or greater, or SC if above L1 |
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in cervical region, disc n--(n+1) is at level of ___, and nerve root n exits at level of ___
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nerve root n+1
IV disc (n-1)--n (therefore prolapse of n--(n+1) impinges on root n+1) |
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in lumbosacral region, disc n--(n+1) is at level of ___, and nerve root n exits at level of ___
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cauda equina
above IV disc n--(n+1) (therefore prolapse of n--(n+1) usually impinges on root n+1) |
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cauda equina nerve roots run in ___ of spinal canal
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lateral recess
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dermatome for top half of scapula
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C4
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dermatome for bottom half of scapula
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T2
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5 dermatomes of interscapular back, from cranial to caudal
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C4
C5 C6 T3 T4 |
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because of ___, ___ is the most sensitive modality to evaluate a sensory radiculopathy
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small fibers have less inter-dermatome overlap
pinprick |
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a myotome is ___
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all the muscles innervated by a single nerve root
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accessory nerve innervates ___ (2)
its roots are ___ (3) |
SCM
trapezius CN11 C3 C4 |
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dorsal scapular nerve innervates ___ (2)
its roots are ___ (3) main root is ___ |
rhomboids
levator scapulae C3 (only to levator scapulae) C4 C5 C5 |
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long thoracic n. innervates ___
its roots are ___ (3) |
serratus anterior
C5 C6 C7 |
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n. to longus colli and scalenes has roots from ___ (4)
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C5--C8
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n. to subclavius has roots from ___
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C5
C6 |
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suprascapular n. innervates ___
its roots are ___ main root is ___ |
supraspinatus
infraspinatus C5 C6 C5 |
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lateral pectoral n. innervates ___
its roots are ___ main root is ___ |
clavicular head of pectoralis major
C5 C6 C5 |
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subscapular nerves innervate ___ (2)
their roots are ___ |
subscapularis
teres major C5 C6 |
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medial pectoral n. innervates ___
its roots are ___ main root is ___ |
sternal head of pectoralis major
pectoralis minor C6 C7 C8 T1 (only in pectoralis major) C7 |
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medial cutaneous n. of arm has roots ___
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C8
T1 |
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medial cutaneous n. of forearm has roots ___
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C8
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musculocutaneous n. innervates ___ (3)
these have ___ as a common function its roots are ___ |
biceps brachii
brachialis coracobrachialis forearm flexion C5-7 |
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in addition to forearm flexion, biceps does ___ and
coracobrachialis does ___ |
supination
adduction |
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3 regions of motor part of radial n.
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radial n. proper
deep branch of radial n. posterior interosseus n. |
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radial n. proper innervates ___ (4)
its roots are ___ |
triceps brachii
anconeus brachioradialis ECRL C5 (only in brachioradialis + ECRL) C6-7 C8 (only in triceps) |
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main root innervating triceps is ___
main root innervating brachioradialis + ECRL is ___ |
C7
C6 |
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deep branch of radial n. innervates ___ (2)
its roots are ___ |
ECRB
supinator C6-7 |
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posterior interosseus n. innervates ___ (7)
its roots are ___ main root is ___ |
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis C7--8 C7 |
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3 parts of radial n.
its roots are ___ main root is __ |
radial n. proper
deep branch posterior interosseous n. C5-C8 C7 |
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radial n. proper innervates ___ (4)
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triceps
anconeus brachioradialis ECRL posterior interosseous C5-C8 C7 |
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triceps does ___
anconeus does ___ brachioradialis does ___ ECRL and ECRB both do ___ (2) |
elbow extension
elbow extension elbow flexion wrist extension wrist abduction |
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deep branch of radial n. innervates ___ (2)
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ECRB
supinator (according to Blumenfeld this is post. interosseous) |
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posterior interosseous n. innervates ___ (7)
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extensor carpi ulnaris
externsor digitorum communis extensor digiti minimi abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicis |
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median n. innervates ___ groups of muscles in forearm and ___ muscles in hand
its roots are ___ |
3
4 C6-T1 |
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3 groups of median n. muscles in forearm
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superficial
intermediate deep |
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deep group of median n. in forearm is innervated by ___ branch
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anterior interosseous
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muscles of superficial group of median n. in forearm (3)
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pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus |
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muscles of intermediate group of median n. in forearm (1)
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flexor digitorum superficialis
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muscles of deep group of median n. in forearm (3)
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flexor digitorum profundus (radial 2 digits)
flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus |
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in hand, median n. innervates ___ (4)
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lumbricals (radial 2 digits)
opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis |
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2 complications of mechanical damage to peripheral nerves
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complex regional pain syndrome (type 1)
complex regional pain syndrome (type 2) |
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type 1 complex regional pain syndrome is aka ___
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reflex sympathetic dystrophy
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type 2 complex regional pain syndrome is aka ___
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causalgia
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type 2 CRPS, unlike type 1, is caused by ___
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damage to a specific nerve
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6 main groups in DD of back pain
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mechanical
vascular infectous/inflammatory neoplastic degenerative referred |
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6 mechanical causes of BP
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disc herniation
spondylolysis vertebral fx arthritis muscle/ligament strain soft tissue injury |
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4 vascular causes of BP
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spinal AVM
spinal cord infarct SAH spinal epidural hematoma |
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7 infectous/inflammatory causes of BP
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osteomyelitis
arachnoiditis spinal epidural abscess myositis CMV radiculitis viral myalgia GBS |
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6 kinds of causes of referred BP
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ob/gyn
renal retroperitoneal SOL pancreatitis cardiovascular pulmonary |
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3 ob/gyn causes of referred BP
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normal pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy menses |
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3 renal causes of BP
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UTI
pyelonephritis renal stone |
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3 retroperitoneal SOL causes of BP
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abscess
hematoma tumor |
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4 cardiovascular causes of BP
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MI
angina aortic aneurysm aortic dissection |
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1 pulmonary cause of BP
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PE
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