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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bones of the neck |
7 cervical vertebrae and hyoid bone |
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characteristics of typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) |
*small body *triangular vertebral foramen *short, bifid spinous processes |
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characteristics of all cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) |
*transverse foramen *superior articular facets *inferior articular facets |
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characteristics of C1 (atlas) |
*ring-shaped *no body (only anterior and posterior arches) *no spinous process *lateral masses |
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characterisitcs of C2 (axis) |
*dens (odontoid process) *large, bifid spinous process |
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characteristics of C7 |
*long spinous process *not bifid *palpation point |
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Location of hyoid bone |
*anterior neck at C3 *superior to the larynx |
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Describe articulations of hyoid bone |
*no bony articulations *held in place by muscles and ligaments |
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Purpose of hyoid bone |
*muscle attachment point *helps keep airway open |
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Purposes of fascia of the neck |
*limits spread of infection *allows structures to move over each other during swallowing and moving neck |
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4 sets of deep fascia of the neck |
*investing layer *pretracheal fascia *prevertebral fascia *carotid sheath |
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Where does the platysma lie in relation to neck fascia? |
superficial to superficial fascia |
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What muscles are enclosed by the investing layer of fascia? |
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid |
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What layer of deep fascia is most superficial? |
investing layer |
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Describe location of pre tracheal fascia |
*anterior to trachea *continuous with pericardium *surrounds thyroid gland |
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Which fascia is an "infection highway" from neck to the heart? |
pretracheal fascia |
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Describe location of prevertebral fascia |
*from base of skull to T3 *surrounds deep muscles of the neck and around vertebrae |
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Describe location of carotid sheath |
*base of skull to root of neck *blends with other fascial layers *anterior to prevertebral fascia |
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Contents of carotid sheath |
*common carotid artery *internal jugular vein *cranial nerve ten *deep cervical lymph nodes *sympathetic nerve fibers |
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Orientation of CCA, IJV, and vagus nerve in carotid sheath |
*CCA medial and IJV lateral *vagus move posterior to CCA and IJV |
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Term for injury caused by a healthcare professional |
iatrogenic injury |
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Describe torticollis |
*contraction or shortening of cervical muscles (typically involves SCM) *head tilt ipsilaterally, face turned away |
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Common term for torticollis |
wry neck |
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common causes of torticollis |
*fibrous tumor in SCM *injury to CN 11 *muscle spasm |
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side borders of the posterior triangle of the neck |
*SCM *Trapezius *Clavicle |
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Floor border of posterior triangle of neck |
*splenius capitis *levator scapulae *posterior scalene *middle scalene |
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roof border of posterior triangle of the neck |
investing layer of deep fascia |
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Contents of posterior triangle of neck |
*3rd part of subclavian artery, transverse cervical artery, supra scapular artery *greater auricular nerve, lesser occipital n., supraclavicular n., transverse cervical n, *cranial nerve 11 *deep cervical lymph nodes *external jugular vein |
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Describe path of external jugular vein |
runs outside of investing layer of deep fascia near posterior border of SCM and dives into deep fascia near base of posterior triangle to empty into subclavian |
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location of anterior scalene |
deep to SCM, not in anterior or posterior triangle |
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Describe type of innervation for scalene muscles |
segmental innervation |
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anterior scalene as a landmark |
*phrenic nerve runs over anterior scalene *brachial plexus between anterior and middle scalene *subclavian artery runs behind anterior scalene *subclavian vein runs anterior to anterior scalene |
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Borders of anterior triangle of neck |
*median line of neck *inferior border of mandible *SCM |
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Floor of anterior triangle of neck |
pharynx, larynx, thyroid |
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roof of anterior triangle |
subcutaneous tissue, platysma, investing layer of fascia |
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apex of anterior triangle |
jugular notch |
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Divisions of Cranial Nerve V (trigeminal) |
V1: ophthalmic (sensory only) V2: maxillary (sensory only) V3: mandibular |
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Describe attachment of digastric to hyoid |
Central tendon runs through fibrous loop that anchors it to hyoid |
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Muscle contents of anterior triangle |
Infrahyoid (except inferior belly of omohyoid) and suprahyoid muscles |
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General location of geniohyoid |
deep to mylohyoid |
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location of sternothyroid and thyrohyoid |
deep to sternohyoid |
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Describe attachment of omohyoid to clavicle |
Two bellies of omohyoid are attached via intermediate tendon, which runs through fascial sling attached to clavicle |
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What does ansa cervicalis mean? |
nerve loop to the neck |
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Location of ansa cervicalis |
on the surface of or within the carotid sheath |
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Define cervical plexus |
Network of nerve fibers of ventral rami C1-C4 |
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Location of C1 nerve fibers |
"hitchhiked" with hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve |
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Which spinal nerves are involved in the ansa cervicalis? |
C1-C3 |
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Ventral rami from which spinal nerves make up the phrenic nerve? |
C3-C5 |
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Nerve contributions to great auricular nerve, what is supplied? |
C2 and C3 lateral neck and external ear |
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Nerve contributions to lesser occipital nerve, what is supplied? |
C2 scalp behind ear |
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nerve contributions to transverse cervical n., what is supplied? |
C2 and C3 skin on anterior triangle |
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Nerve contributions to supraclavicular n., what is supplied |
C3 and C4 skin over clavicle and inf. posterior triangle |
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Sensory only nerve from cervical plexus |
great auricular, lesser occipital, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular |
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Branches of the common carotid artery |
internal carotid and external carotid arteries |
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How to easily distinguish internal and external carotid |
ECA has branching in the neck |
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Some branches of external carotid artery |
facial, lingual, superior thyroid superficial temporal (pulse at temple) |
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Name the dilation of the proximal part of internal carotid artery |
carotid sinus |
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type of receptor at carotid sinus |
baroreceptor |
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Type of receptor at carotid body |
chemoreceptor |
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location of carotid body |
at bifurcation of common carotid artery |
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What makes up carotid body? |
nerve fibers |
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What is formed by the blood supply to the thyroid gland? What vessels form this. |
An anastomosis formed by the inferior and superior thyroid arteries |
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Composition of the thyroid gland |
two lobes joined by an isthmus |
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location of thyroid gland |
over trachea and inferior to thyroid cartilage |
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What is the thyroid gland |
An endocrine organ with functions involving in calcium, growth, and basal metabolic rate regulation |
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Location of parathyroid glands |
On posterior surface of thyroid or at least near the posterior thyroid |
