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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disorientation |
disturbance of orientation to person, place, time and sometimes situation |
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Delirium |
an acute, reversible disorder that presents as a disoriented reaction with confusion, lability, and disturbances in behavior (ex. aggression) may be associated with fear and hallucinations |
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Confusion |
inappropriate reactions to environmental stimuli, manifested by a disordered orientation in relation to person, place, and time |
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Sundowner Syndrome |
occurs in the late afternoon and at night in older people, often seen in individuals with dementia characterized by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, falling, agitation, and sometimes aggression associated with sedation/over sedation, dementia, and changes in orienting cues such as light, familiar people, and objects |
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Distractibility |
inability to concentrate one's attention without attention being drawn to unimportant or irrelevant stimuli |
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Selective Attention |
blocking out those activities, objects, or concepts that produce anxiety |
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Hypervigilance |
excessive attention and alertness that guards against potential danger |
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Affect |
the observable component of emotions
appropriate - consistent/congruent with the accompanying idea, thought, or speech |
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Inappropriate Affect |
inconsistent/incongruent with the accompanying idea, thought, or speech |
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Blunted Affect |
severe lack of affect doesn't demonstrate the ability to change |
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Restricted or Constricted Affect |
reduced affect, but less than blunted affect |
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Flat Affect |
the absence of any affective signs of emotion |
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Labile Affect |
rapid and abrupt changes in affect |
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Anxiety |
feeling of apprehension or worry associated with anticipation of future danger |
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Free-Floating Anxiety |
pervasive anxiety that does not have a specific focus |
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Fear |
anxiety focused on a real danger |
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Echopraxia |
meaningless imitation of another person's movements |
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Catatonia |
characterized by immobility or rigidity |
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Stereotypy |
repetition of fixed patterns of movement and speech (ex. echolalia) |
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Psychomotor Agitation |
excessive motor and cognitive activity, usually nonproductive and in response to inner tension |
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Hyperactivity |
restless, sometimes aggressive, or destructive activity, often associated with brain pathology |
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Psychomotor Retardation |
decreased or slowed motor and cognitive activity |
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Aggression |
forceful, angry, or destructive speech or behavior |
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Acting Out |
physical expression of thoughts and impulses |
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Akathisia |
state of restlessness characterized by an urgent need for movement, usually as a side effect of medication |
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Ataxia |
the irregularity or failure of muscle coordination upon movement |
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Thinking |
goal-directed reasoned flow of ideas and associations when it follows a logical sequence, it is considered normal |
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Circumstantiality |
speech that is delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive or irrelevant details |
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Tangentiality |
abrupt changing of focus to a loosely associated topic |
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Perseveration |
a persistent focus on a previous topic or behavior after a new topic or behavior has been introduced |
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Flight of Ideas |
rapid shifts in thought from one idea to another |
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Thought Blocking |
the interruption of a thought process before it is carried through to completion |
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Loosening of Associations |
disorder of the logical progression of thought where seemingly unrelated and unconnected ideas shift from one subject to another |
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Delusions |
false beliefs about external reality without an appropriate stimulus that cannot be explained by the individual's intelligence or cultural background |
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Compulsions |
a need to act on specific impulses to relieve associated anxiety |
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Obsessions |
a persistent thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated by logical thought |
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Concrete Thinking |
characterized by actual things, events, and immediate experience inability to think abstractly |
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Pressured Speech |
rapid and increased in amount may be difficult to understand and/or interrupt |
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Poverty of Speech |
limited in amount ex. one word answers to questions |
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Poverty of Content |
speech that is adequate in amount by conveys little information due to vagueness, lack of specificity, and limited detail |
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Nonspontaneous Speech |
responses that are given only when spoken to directly |
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Stuttering |
the repetition or prolongation of sounds or syllables |
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Perseveration in Speech |
continued, persistent repetition of a word or phase, often in response to different stimuli or different questions |
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Nominal Aphasia |
inability to name objects |
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Hallucinations |
false sensory perceptions that are not in response to an external stimuli |
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Illusions |
misperceptions or misinterpretations of real sensory events |
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Agnosia |
inability to understand and interpret the significance of sensory input |
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Adiadochokinesia |
inability to perform rapidly alternating movements |
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Disturbances Associated with Conversion and Dissociative Phenomena |
disturbances that are in response to repressed material and involve physical symptoms and distortions that are not under voluntary control or associated with a physical disorder |
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Depersonalization |
subjective sensation of unreality about oneself or the environment |
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Derealization |
a subjective sense that the environment is unreal |
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Fugue |
a state of serious depersonalization, often involving travel and relocation, in which the individual takes on a new identity with amnesia for their old identity |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder |
involves the appearance that an individual has developed two or more distinct personalities |
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Dissociation |
the separation of a group of mental or behavioral processes from the rest of the person's psychic activity may involve separating an idea from its emotional tone |
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Immediate Memory |
ability to recall material withing seconds or minutes short-term memory |
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Recent Memory |
ability to recall events of the past few days |
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Recent Past Memory |
ability to recall events of the past few months |
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Remote Memory |
ability to recall events of the distant past long-term memory |
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Procedural Memory |
automatic sequence of behavior such as conditioned responses |
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Declarative Memory |
recall specific to consciously learned facts, such as school subjects |
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Semantic Memory |
knowing the meaning of words and the ability to classify information |
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Episodic Memory |
knowledge of one's personal experiences |
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Prospective Memory |
the capacity to remember to carry out actions in the future, such as knowing you have appointments scheduled, to turn off the stove, and to pay bills on time. important for an individual to be able to live independently and safetly |
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Amnesia |
inability to recall past experiences or personal identity can be caused by organic or emotional dysfunction |
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Schizophrenia Diagnostic Criteria |
Criterion A - the presence of two or more of the following symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, positive symptoms, negative symptoms Criterion B - disturbance in one or more areas of function such as work, interpersonal relations, or self care Criterion C - continuous signs of illness for 6 months including at least one month of symptoms that meet criterion A |
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Schizophrenia Positive Symptoms |
the excess or distortion of normal function grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior |
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Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms |
Restricted emotion (affective flattening) Difficulty in experiencing pleasure (anhedonia) Decreased thought and speech (alogia) Lack of energy and initiative Inability to relate to others |
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Paranoid Schizophrenia |
characterized by preoccupation with one or more delusions of persecution or grandeur auditory hallucinations are frequently present tend to exhibit fewer of the negative symptoms |
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Disorganized Schizophrenia |
marked regression demonstrating primitive, disinhibited, and disorganized behavior |
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Catatonic Schizophrenia |
characterized by severe disturbances in motor behavior involving stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitement, or posturing |
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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia |
used to classify those patients who do not clearly fit into one of the other categories |
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Residual Schizophrenia |
used when there is continued evidence of schizophrenic behavior in the absence of a complete set of diagnostic criteria |
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Schizophrenia Onset |
usually between early adolescence and the mid thirties recovery is possible with effective intervention |
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Schizophreniform Disorder |
individual meets criteria for schizophrenia; however, the episode lasts more than one month but less than 6 months |
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Schizoaffective Disorder |
uninterrupted period of illness during which, at some time, there is a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode concurrent with symptoms that meet Criterion A |
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Delusional Disorder |
predominant symptoms are non-bizarre delusions with the absence of other criterion A symptoms |
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Brief Psychotic Disorder |
individual experiences a least one day but less than one month with one or more Criterion A symptoms resulting from severe psychological stress |
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Traditional Anti-psychotic Medications |
Thorazine, Prolixin, Haldol, Navane, Mellaril, Stelazine, and Trilafon infrequently used Haldol and Prolixin are available in long acting injections which improve/assist in medication compliance |
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Traditional Anti-psychotic Medications Side Effects |
dry mouth, blurry vision, photosensitivity, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, Parkinsonism, dystonias, akathisia, and cardiovascular disorders |
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Traditional Anti-psychotic Medications Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome |
autonomic emergency leading to increased BP, tachycardia, swearing, convulsions, and coma |
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Traditional Anti-psychotic Medications Tardive Dyskinesia |
neurological disorder resulting from long-term or high-dose use of anti-psychotic medications characterized by abnormal, involuntary, irregular movements of the head, limbs, and trunk, often presenting as slow, rhythmic, automatic, stereotyped movements |
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Traditional Anti-psychotic Medications Neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism |
a disorder that presents with muscle stiffness, cog-wheel rigidity, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and drooling pill-rolling is rare, but coarse tremors may be present as well as tremors of the lips and mouth |
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Atypical Anti-psychotic Medications |
Clozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Seroquel, Geodon, Sphris, Fanapt, Latuda, Symbyax, Invega, and Abilify long-acting injections available (Risperdal Consta, Invega Sustenna) |
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Atypical Anti-psychotic Medications Clozaril Complications |
agranulocytosis - decrease in certain white blood cells that is potentially fatal weekly blood count monitoring initially, biweekly after 6 months, and monthly after a year |
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OT Considerations for Treatment of Schizophrenic Individuals |
communicate simply, clearly, and concisely external structure and consistency to organize the individual's thinking, environment, and daily activities is often required |
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Major Depressive Disorder |
one or more depressive episodes may be a single episode or recurrent episodes |
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Bipolar I Disorder |
one or more manic episodes may be combined with depressive episodes |
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Bipolar II Disorder |
one or more major depressive episodes must be at least one hypomanic episode no history of a manic episode |
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Dysthymia |
characterized by at least two years of a depressed mood, most days, with depressive symptoms that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode |
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Cyclothymic Disorder |
characterized by at least two years with numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a manic episode or a major depressive episode |
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Manic Episode Diagnostic Criteria |
distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least one week Including 3 or more of the following symptoms: 1. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity 2. Decreased need for sleep 3. More talkative than usual or pressured speech 4. Flight of ideas or feeling of racing thoughts 5. Distractibility 6. Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation 7. Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences |
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Manic Episode Behaviors |
1. Treatment resistance resulting from failure to recognize illness 2. Suggestive or flamboyant dress 3. Gambling, promiscuity, excessive spending, or giving things away 4. Irritable, assaultive, or suicidal behavior |
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Manic Episode Medications |
Mood Stabilizing Medications 1. Lithium 2. Anticonvulsants 3. Anti-psychotics |
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Manic Episode OT Considerations |
Limit-setting to set and improve boundaries, reduce fears of losing control, increase participation in the intervention process, and promote safety Engagement in activities that provide structure and the opportunity for release of excess energy in a positive and therapeutic manner Education of individual, family, and significant others on symptom managment |
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Major Depressive Episode Diagnostic Criteria |
2-week period of depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure Including 5 or more of the following symptoms: 1. Depressed mood most of the day 2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure 3. Weight loss/gain, increase/decrease in appetite 4. Insomnia/hypersomnia 5. Psychomotor retardation/agitation 6. Fatigue, loss of energy 7. Feeling of worthlessness or guilt 8. Diminished ability to concentrate/make decisions 9. Recurrent thoughts of death/suicide, suicide attempt |
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Major Depressive Episode Behaviors |
1. Irritability, anxiety, phobias, and obsessive thinking 2. Difficulties in social interactions, relationships, and sexual functioning 3. Self-destructive behavior including suicide and substance abuse 4. May be manifested as somatic complaints 5. Increased use of medical services |
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, and Lexapro SE: nausea, headache, sexual dysfunction, insomnia |
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Tricyclics |
Elavil, Tofranil, Norpramin, Pamelor rarely used SE: dry mouth, blurred vision, sedation, postural hypotension, and other anticholinergic effects |
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Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) |
Effexor, Cymbalta, Wellbutrin (similar with fewer sexual side effects) SE: hypertension, anxiety, dizziness, sedation, nervousness, weight gain, nausea, sweating |
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) |
Nardil and Parnate SE: weight gain, hypotension, insomnia, liver damage Dietary Restrictions: Foods and Beverages with Tyramine (increase BP and lead to stroke and other cardiac conditions) such as aged cheeses, pickled food, cured or smoked meats, liver, yogurt, sour cream, fruits that must ripen to eat, fava beans, peapods, chocolate, beer, red wine, meat tenderizers, soy products, yeast extracts |
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Electroconvulsive Therapy |
very effective and the treatment of choice for those who have been unresponsive to trials on medications and other interventions can produce memory loss and confusion for the period surrounding treatment |
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Mixed Episode |
criteria for manic episode and major depressive episode are met for at least one week |
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Hypomanic Episode |
symptoms are the same for a manic episode but not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational function or to require hospitalization |
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Substance Dependence |
must be evidence of tolerance and withdrawal continued use despite serious consequences |
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Substance Abuse |
continued use despite serious consequences |
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Panic Attacks |
symptom of anxiety discrete periods of intense fear or discomfort, in which four or more symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes 1. palpitations or accelerated HR 2. sweating 3. trembling or shaking 4. sensations of SOB or smothering 5. feelings of choking 6. chest pain or discomfort 7. nausea or abdominal stress 8. feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint 9. derealization or depersonalization 10. fear of losing control or going crazy 11. fear of dying 12. paresthesias |
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Agoraphobia |
associated with panic attacks anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or in which help may not be available if needed situations are avoided or endured with anxiety about having a panic attack |
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Panic Disorder |
recurrent panic attacks followed at least once by concern for recurrence |
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Specific Phobia |
a clinically significant anxiety form a specific object or situation leading to avoidant behavior |
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Social Phobia |
a clinically significant anxiety from certain types of social or performance situations leading to avoidance |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, images, or impulses that are disturbing, intrusive, and inappropriate Compulsions are repetitive behaviors that the person is driven to perform to reduce anxiety or prevent a dreaded event or situation these are time-consuming and distressing despite the individual's awareness of irrationality |
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder |
the persistent re-experiencing (>1 month) of an extremely traumatic event that produces symptoms of increased arousal avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event |
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Acute Stress Disorder |
similar to PTSD, but it immediately follows the event symptoms do no persist past one month |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
consists of 6 months of persistent and excessive unfocused anxiety and worry |
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Anxiolytic Medications |
Xanax, Valium, Librium, Ativan, Klonopin, BuSpar SE: drowsiness, ataxia, headache, nausea, depression, and dependence |
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Anti-Obsessional Medications |
Anafranil, Paxil, Prozac, Zoloft used at high doses SE: similar to SSRIs |
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Personality Disorders Diagnostic Criteria |
behavior must be inflexible and maladaptive across a broad range of personal and social situations must be evidence of onset in late childhood or adolescence Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal (often perceived as odd and eccentric) Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic (often perceived as dramatic, emotional and erratic) Cluster C: dependent, obsessive-compulsive, NOS (often perceived as anxious or fearful) |
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Paranoid Personality Disorder |
long standing suspiciousness and mistrust of people in general refuse responsibility for their own feelings and assign responsibility for them to others appear hostile, irritable, angry |
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Schizoid Personality Disorder |
lifelong pattern of social withdrawal discomfort with human interaction
introverted bland, constricted, affect appear eccentric, isolated, or lonely |
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder |
appear odd or strange in their thinking and behavior to those who come in contact with them magical thinking, peculiar ideas, ideas of reference, illusions, and derealization are part of this individual's everyday world |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder |
continual antisocial or criminal acts, but it is not synonymous with criminality inability to conform to social norms that involves many aspects of their adolescents and adult development no regard for the safety or feelings of others and they lack remorse individuals diagnosed with a conduct disorder that does not respond to treatment or is untreated can be a precursor to developing this disorder |
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Borderline Personality Disorder |
extraordinarily unstable affect, mood, behavior, relationships, and self-image fear of real or imagined abandonment leads to frantic efforts to avoid it recurrent self-destructive or self-mutilating behavior may be threatened or carried out majority have history of trauma such as physical, sexual, emotional abuse |
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Histrionic Personality Disorder |
colorful, dramatic, extroverted behavior in excitable, emotional persons inability to maintain deep, long-lasting attachments with accompanying flamboyant presentation |
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
heightened sense of self-importance and a grandiose feeling that they are special in some way |
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Avoidant Personality Disorder |
extreme sensitivity to rejection, which may lead to a socially withdrawn life not asocial, they show a great desire for companionship but consider themselves inept or unworthy need unusually strong and repeated guarantees of uncritical acceptance commonly referred to as having an inferiority complex |
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Dependent Personality Disorder |
subordinate their own needs to those of others and need others to assume responsibility for major areas in their lives lack self-confidence experience discomfort when alone for more than a brief period |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder |
emotional constriction, orderliness, perseverance, stubbornness, and indecisiveness pervasive pattern of perfectionism and inflexibility |
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Personality Disorders NOS |
Passive-aggressive Depressive Sadomasochistic Sadistic |
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Dementia |
often includes personality changes Alzheimer's and other vascular dementia (75%) Other causes: AIDS, Pick's Disease, Huntington's, Parkinson's, alcoholism |
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Reversible Causes of Mental Confusion |
Sensory Changes and Problems: age-related, unavailable/inadequate prostheses, sensory overload/deprivation, loss of cue that aid memory and orientation Drug Use/Misuse: interactions, SE, build-up, OTC cold, sleeping and pain medications Infections/Inflammation: viral or bacterial infections, UTI, pneumonia, gallbladder disease Metabolic Problems caused by: liver or kidney disease, thyroid disorders, dehydration, poorly controlled diabetes |
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Reisburg's Stages For Dementia |
Stage 1: no disability is noted Stage 2: person complains about forgetting normal age-related information Stage 3: beginning signs and deficits are noted (compensates, avoids) Stage 4: deficits are noted in all IADL Stage 5: person cannot function independently Stage 6: person cannot perform ADL without cues Stage 7: vegetative state; usually bebound and unable to response verbally or non-verbally to stimuli |
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Anorexia Nervosa |
refusal to maintain body weight at or above normal or failure to make expected weight gain during growth period leading to a body weight less than 85% of expected intense fear or gaining or becoming fat even though still underweight disturbance in the way which one's body weight or shape is experienced (ex. denial) amenorrhea food restrictive or binge eating/purging type |
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Bulimia Nervosa |
recurrent episodes of binge eating defined as a lack of control over discrete periods of excessive eating of an abnormally large amount of food recurrent, inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain (vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise) binge/purge behaviors both occur at lease 2x/week for three months |
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Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) |
recurrent episodes of binge eating until uncomfortably full without purging eating is more rapid than typical and is often initiated when not hungry and/or when alone due to embarrassment about the amount of food being consumed |
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) |
Negativistic, hostile, and defiant behaviors that result in functional impairment |
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Conduct Disorder |
disregard for the rights of others leading to aggressiion toward people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft, or serious violation of rules |
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Autism Diagnostic Characteristics Impaired Social Interaction (2) |
Impaired Nonverbal Behaviors (eye contact, impaired attachment behavior, anxiety with change) Difficulty relating to others and forming relationships at an age appropriate level Lack of spontaneous social seeking behavioral interactions and lack of awareness of others who are seeking interactions Lack of social reciprocation due to decreased ability to infer feelings and intentions of others |
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Autism Diagnostic Characteristics Communication Difficulties (1) |
lack of initiation, reflection, development of spoken language or alternative means difficulty initiating or engaging in conversation and lack of appropriate context stereotyped echolalia and/or indiscernible language lack of spontaneous pretend, imaginative, or exploratory play |
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Autism Diagnostic Characteristics Repetitive or Stereotyped Behaviors and Movements (1) |
ritualistic nonfunctional routines, preoccupation rigid observance of nonfunctional routines or behavioral patterns repetitive motor action restrictive fixation on parts of a whole object |
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Asperger's Disorder |
difficulty with social interaction restricted interests and behaviors characterized by clumsiness delayed developmental motor milestones differentiated from autism by adequate language and the level of social interaction and engagement in activities with others |
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Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) |
Inhibited Type: persistent failure to initiate or respond in a developmentally appropriate way to most social interactions; interactions are excessively inhibited, hypervigilant, or highly ambivalent and contradictory in nature Disinhibited Type: indiscriminate sociability with inability to exhibit appropriate selective attachments; demonstrated by excessive familiarity with relative strangers or lack of selectivity |
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RAD Behaviors |
-need to be in control -frequent lying -affectionate and overly related with strangers -frequent episodes of hoarding or gorging on food without physical need -denial of responsibility -projecting blame for their actions on others |
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Intellectual Disability IQ 55-69 |
Mild Intellectual Disability focus on acquiring social and vocational skills to function independently in desired occupational roles Minimal support required |
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Intellectual Disability IQ 40-54 |
Moderate Intellectual Disability acquiring independence in routine daily skills and skills necessary to perform desired occupational roles with supports and structure limited support and assistance may be required in specific occupational performance areas on a daily basis supervised living required |
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Intellectual Disability IQ 25-39 |
Severe Intellectual Disability acquiring communication skills and some basic health habits assistance required to perform most tasks in all areas of occupation on a daily basis supervising living required significant impairments in motor functioning and physical development are typical |
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Intellectual Disability IQ 25 and Below |
Profound Intellectual Disability assistance and ongoing supervision are required for basic survival skills significant impairments in motor functioning and physical development are typical supervised living is required |
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Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) |
"Occupation is dynamic and context-dependent" Personal occupational choices and engagement in occupation shape the individual Volition, Habituation, Performance Capacity The environment impacts on the individual through the opportunities, demands, resources, and constraints it provides |
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Person-Environment-Occupation Model |
Occupational Performance is dynamic in nature Occupational Performance is the outcome of the transactional relationship between people, their occupations, and the environment Changes across the lifespan |
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Life-Style Performance Model |
seeks to identify and describe the nature and critical "doing" elements of an environment that support and foster achievement of a satisfying, productive life-style |
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Ecology of Human Performance Model (EHP) |
emphasizes the role of an individual's context and how the environment impacts a person and their task performance person-task-context transaction |
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Occupational Adaptation |
concerned with the processes that the individual goes through to adapt to their environment person and occupation environment and their ineraction |
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Role Acquisition |
individual employs task and social skills to meet the demands of personally desired and necessary roles dysfunction continuums in seven categories: task skills, interpersonal skills, family interaction, ADLs, school, work, play/leisure/recreation |
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Levels of Cognitive Disabilities |
Level I: Automatic Actions Level II: Postural Actions Level III: Manual Actions Level IV: Goal Directed Actions Level V: Exploratory Actions Level VI: Planned Actions |
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Defense Mechanisms Denial |
the failure to acknowledge the existence of some aspect of reality that is apparent to others |
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Defense Mechanisms Projection |
attributing attributes or unacknowledged feelings, impulses or thoughts to others |
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Defense Mechanisms Splitting |
rigid separating of positive and negative thoughts and of feelings |
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Defense Mechanisms Passive-Aggression |
aggression toward others which is indirectly or unassertively expressed |
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Defense Mechanisms Regression |
returning to an earlier stage of development to avoid the tension and conflict of the present one |
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Defense Mechanisms Somatization |
the conversion of psychological symptoms into physical illness |
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Defense Mechanisms Rationalization |
creating self-justifying explanations to hide the real reasons for one's own or another's behavior |
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Defense Mechanisms Repression |
blocking from consciousness painful memories and anxiety-provoking thoughts |
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Defense Mechanisms Displacement |
redirecting an emotion or reaction from one object to a similar but less threatening one |
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Defense Mechanisms Reaction Formation |
the switching of unacceptable impulses into it opposite |
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Defense Mechanisms Humor |
using comedy to express feelings and thoughts without provoking discomfort in self and others |
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Defense Mechanisms Sublimation |
redirecting energy from socially unacceptable impulses to socially acceptable activities |
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Defense Mechanisms Suppression |
consciously or semi-consciously avoiding thinking about disturbing problems, thoughts, or feelings |
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) |
combines principles of cognitive and behavioral therapy cognitive - looks at a person's thoughts and beliefs behavioral - looks at a person's actions and attempts to change maladaptive patterns of behavior |
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Recovery Model |
conceptualizes recovery from illness as a journey of healing and transformation that enables individuals with mental health problems to live a meaningful lief in a community of their choice |
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Psychiatric Rehabilitation |
help individuals develop the skills necessary to compensate for, adapt to, and control the influence symptoms have on function, including any disability caused by social or environmental barriers |
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Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) |
a widely, used quick screening of cognitive funcitoning |
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Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire |
a short questionnaire including 9 questions that assess intellectual function |
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Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile |
allows clients to identify their personal behavioral responses to daily sensory experiences and develop strategies for enhanced participation |
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Allen Cognitive Level Screen |
assesses the cognitive level of the individual according to the ACL levels |
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Beck Depression Inventory |
measurement of the presence and depth of depression |
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Elder Depression Scale |
assesses depression in the elderly 30-item checklist |
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Hamilton Depression Rating Scale |
measures the severity of illness and changes over time in individuals diagnosed with a depressive illness |
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Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation |
assesses the cognitive, affective, performance, and social interactions skills required to perform ADLs consists of Task Oriented Assessment and the Social Interaction Scale |
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Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation Scale (COTE) |
a structured method for observing and rating behaviors and behavioral changes in the areas of general, interpersonal, and task skills |
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Activity Card Sort |
identification of a person's level and amount of involvement in instrumental, leisure, and social activities 89 cards |
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Activities Health Assessment |
time usage, patterns and configurations of activities, roles, and underlying skills and habits |
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Adolescent Role Assessment |
assesses the development of internalized roles within family, school, and social settings |
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Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) |
identifies the individual's perception of satisfaction with performance and changes over time in the areas of self-care, productivity, and leisure |
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Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview Rating Scale (OCAIRS) |
semi-structured interview assessing the nature and extent of an individual's occupational adaptation |
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Occupational Self-Assessment |
self-report checklist of individual's perceptions of efficacy in areas of occupational performance and their importance |
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The Role Checklist |
assesses self-reported role participation and the value to specific roles to the individual |
