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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define the endocrine system |
- a system of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream to regulate a variety of body functions including the control of mood, growth, and development, tissue function and metabolism - endocrine means hormone secreting - hormones secreted by the endocrine system affect all forms of human function including (but not limited to) triggering muscle contraction, regulating growth and metabolism, etc. |
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What comprises the endocrine system? |
- host organs (known as glands) - chemical messengers (hormones) - target (receptor) cells - once a hormone is secreted from a gland, it travels through the bloodstream to target cells designed to receives its message. The target cells have hormone- specific receptors ensuring that each hormone will communicate only with specific target cells |
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What is the responsibility of the endocrine system? |
- responsible for regulating multiple body functions to stabilize the body's internal environment (much like a thermostat) |
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What are the primary endocrine glands? |
- hypothalmus - pituitary - thyroid - adrenal |
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why is the pituitary gland referred to as the "master" gland? |
- it controls the functions of the other endocrine glands |
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describe the pituitary gland |
- has three different sections or lobes (the anterior, intermediate and posterior lobes) - each lobe secretes a specific type of hormone |
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What hormone does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete? |
- prolactin (to stimulate milk production after giving birth) - adrenocorticopic hormone (ACTH): to stimulate the adrenal glands - thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): to stimulate the thyroid gland - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): to stimulate the ovaries and testes - luteinizing hormone (LH): to stimulate the ovaries and testes |
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What hormones does the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland secrete? |
- melanocyte stimulating hormone: to control skin pigmentation |
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What hormone does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete? |
-antidiuretic hormone (ADH): increases the absorption of water into the blood by the kidneys -oxytocin: to contract the uterus during childbirth and stimulate milk production. |
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what hormones do the thyroids produce? |
hormones that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. |
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what hormones to the adrenal glands secrete? |
corticosteroids and catecholamines including cortisol and adrenaline (epinephrine) in response to stress |
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What glands control much of hormonal activity? |
the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which are located in the brain. - together they represent an important link between the nervous and endocrine systems |
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What is the primary energy source during exercise? |
- carbohydrate- specifically glucose - carbs are the bod's key source of energy - glucose is the principal fuel for the brain * extreme fluctuations in blood glucose levels can be extremely dangerous: too little can inhibit performance and too much can damage the vascular system. |
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What regulates the control of blood glucose? |
the pancreas |
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what hormones are produced by the pancreas? |
- insulin - glucagon |
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What is the function of insulin? |
- helps regulate energy and glucose metabolism in the body - elevated levels of glucose trigger the release of insulin |
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What is the function of glucagon? |
- regulate blood glucose levels - its effect is opposite to that of insulin as it functions to raise blood glucose levels by triggering the release of glycogen stores from the liver - glycogen is stored form of glucose. - decrease in blood glucose levels trigger the release of glucagon from the pancreas - glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen stores back into glucose. |
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What is the interrelationship between insulin and glucagon as it pertains to exercise? |
-as activity increase, glucose uptake by the body's cells increases. This is a result of an increased sensitivity of the cells to insulin; thus insulin levels will drop during physical activity. - at the same time glucagon secretion by the pancreas increases thus maintaining a steady supply of blood glucose. |
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What hormones do the adrenal glands produce? |
two catecholamines called epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine
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What is the function of the catecholamines (adrenaline and norepinephrine)? |
-prepare the body for activity - part of the stress response known as "fight or flight" |
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What triggers the adrenal gland to secrete more epinephrine in preparation for activity? |
the hypothalamus (part of the brain) |
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what physiological effects occur as a result of epinephrine secretion that helps sustain exercise activity? |
- increase heart rate and stroke volume - elevates blood glucose levels - redistributes blood to working tissues - opens up the airways
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