Myco Exam 3

Front 1

4 ascocarp types

Back 1

Cleistothecium, apothecium, perithecium, locule

Front 2

Cleistothecium

Back 2

Closed sheath, spherical, round asci

Front 3

Apothecium

Back 3

Open sheath, hymenium, no timed release, eggs in one basket

Front 4

Perithicium

Back 4

Stroma, surround sheath, timed release

Front 5

Locule

Back 5

Stroma part of fruiting body

Front 6

Back 6

A: yeast, B: Cleistothecium, C: Apothecium, D: Perithecium, E: Locule

Front 7

Ascomycota septae

Back 7

Simple porate

Front 8

Telemorph

Back 8

Sexual state, undergoes meiosis

Front 9

Anamorph

Back 9

Asexual state, undergoes mitosis

Front 10

Ascocarp

Back 10

Fruiting body

Front 11

Biproduct of yeast

Back 11

Ethanol, CO2, water

Front 12

Hypertrophy

Back 12

Enlargement of cells

Front 13

Hyperplasia

Back 13

Excessive cell reproduction

Front 14

Purpose of hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Back 14

Increase surface area for asci growth

Front 15

Plectomycetes and orders

Back 15

Ascomycota with cleistothecium

Eurotiales

Onygenales

Erysiphales

Front 16

Moniliaceae vs dermatiaceae

Back 16

Light spores vs dark

Front 17

Ascus

Back 17

Internal sac of ascomycota where sexual spores are born

Front 18

Conidia

Back 18

External structure where asexual spores are born

Front 19

Sex state of Ascomycota

Back 19

Antheridium moves up into trichogyne and then plasmogamy occurs

Front 20

Heterothallic

Back 20

Requires a mate

Front 21

Homothallic

Back 21

Able to reproduce with themselves

Front 22

3 new classification subphylums

Back 22

Taphrinomycotina: plant pathogens

Saccharomycotina: Yeasts

Pezizomycotina: everything else

Front 23

Hemiascomycetes

Back 23

Half-asscocarp, no fruiting structure

Front 24

Three orders of Hemiascomycetes

Back 24

Saccharomycetales: ascus arises from fusion cell

Taphrinales: ascus arises from a different cell

Protomycetales: more primitive

Front 25

Asexual reproduction (yeasts)

Back 25

Budding, disarticulation

Front 26

Saccharomycetales

Back 26

Order of hemiascomycetes, Yeasts

Front 27

Taphrinales

Back 27

Parasites of vascular plants

Front 28

Back 28

Yeast

Front 29

Back 29

Taphrinales

Front 30

Back 30

Taphrinales life cycle

Front 31

Protomycetales

Back 31

Most primitive hemiascomycetes, many modes of reproduction, typically fission, some are pathogens

Front 32

Back 32

Protomycetales

Front 33

Plectomycetes orders

Back 33

Eurotiales: cleistothecium, globose asci

Onygenales: gymnothecium, loosely woven wall

Erysiphales: powdery mildew, broadly clavate asci in a hymenium

Front 34

Back 34

Eurotiales

Front 35

Penicillium

Back 35

In order eurotiales, antibiotic, cheese

Front 36

Back 36

Penicillium conidia

Front 37

Back 37

Aspergillus

Front 38

Aspergillus

Back 38

In order Eurotiales, aflatoxin, citric acid, drugs

Front 39

Onygenales

Back 39

Can degrade keratin, medically important, true human pathogens

Front 40

Back 40

Racquet hyphae in onygenales

Front 41

Ringworm and athletes foot

Back 41

Onygenales

Front 42

Back 42

Gymnothecium

Front 43

Thermal dimorphs

Back 43

Change structure based on temperature

Front 44

Erysiphales

Back 44

Powdery mildews, hymenium, obligate parasite, haustoria

Front 45

Haustoria

Back 45

Branching structure into host plant cell

Front 46

Back 46

Haustoria

Front 47

Back 47

Cleistothecium of erysiphales

Front 48

Back 48

Cleistothecial appendages of powdery mildew

Front 49

Back 49

Perithecia of erysiphales

Front 50

Aspergillus niger

Back 50

Citric acid

Front 51

Perithecium

Back 51

Flask structure with apical pore and hymenial layer

Front 52

Stroma

Back 52

Mass of sterile tissue

Front 53

Periphyses

Back 53

Sterile filaments in tip of Perithecium

Front 54

Paraphyses

Back 54

Sterile filaments around asci in Perithecium

Front 55

Ascospore dispersal

Back 55

Front 56

Orders of pyrenomycetes

Back 56

Sphaeriales

(Xylariales, diaporthales, sordariales)

Hypocreales

Ophiostomatales

Front 57

Sordariales

Back 57

Order in order sphaeriales: single dark Perithecia

Front 58

Xylariales

Back 58

Stroma with perithecia embedded

Front 59

Diaporthales

Back 59

Long neck/stem

Front 60

Chestnut blight

Back 60

Introduced to new york from asia in 1904, caused by Cryphomectria parasitica, canker disease, diaporthales

Front 61

Back 61

Diaporthales

Front 62

Hypocreales

Back 62

Hypocreaceae: brightly colored, soft or waxy,

clavixipitaceae: stroma developed, needle like ascospores

Front 63

Back 63

Cordyceps

Front 64

Important clavicipitaceae

Back 64

Cordyceps, claviceps: ergot poisoning

Front 65

Ophiostomatales

Back 65

Beaked perithecia, scattered globose asci

Front 66

Dutch elm disease

Back 66

Ophiostomatales

Front 67

Discomycetes

Back 67

Apothecium, asci born exposed, ascospores forcibly discharged,

Front 68

Operculate

Back 68

Lid like opening in discomycetes

Front 69

Orders of Discomycetes

Back 69

Phacidiales: ascospores thread like

Helotiales: ascospores rounded

Pezizales: operculate asci

Tuberales: ascospores spherical and ornamented

Front 70

Back 70

Tar spot of maple (Rhytisma acerinum) in phacidiales

Front 71

Back 71

Phacidiales

Front 72

Back 72

Heliotales, Cup or tongue shaped,

Front 73

Pezizales

Back 73

Conidia rare, saprophytes, morrells, operculate,

Front 74

Tuberales

Back 74

Truffles, all produce ascocarps below ground, spores not discharged,

Front 75

Loculoascomycetes

Back 75

Stroma with embedded psuedothecia

Front 76

Back 76

Loculoascomycetes

Front 77

Back 77

Loculoascomycetes

Front 78

Back 78

Heliotales, blue stain

Front 79

Back 79

Jelly babies, hypocreales

Front 80

Back 80

Tuberales, truffle

Front 81

Back 81

Phacidiales

Front 82

Back 82

Morchella, pezizales

Front 83

Back 83

Loculoascomycetes

Front 84

Back 84

Venturia inequalis, apple scab

Front 85

Back 85

Aspergillus

Front 86

Deuteromycetes

Back 86

No known teleomorph, alternate classification scheme

Front 87

Three classes of deuteromycetes

Back 87

Blastomycetes: Yeasts

Coelomycetes: asexual spores borne on pycnidia or acervuli

Hyphomycetes: asexual spores borne not on structure

Front 88

Orders of blastomycetes

Back 88

Cryptococcales: busding yeast

Sporobolomycetes: form on conidia then buller drop

Front 89

Ceolomycetes orders

Back 89

Sphaeropsidales: pycnidia

Melanconiales: acervuli

Front 90

Hyphomycetes orders

Back 90

Hyphomycetales: moniliaceae and dematiaceae

Stilbellales: synnata or coremia

Tuberculariales: thin pads of sterile hyphae

Front 91

Conidiogenesis forms

Back 91

Blastic: comes out top

Thallic: extends then splits

Front 92

How does evolution occur with mitosis

Back 92

Parasexual cycle, transient diploid, mitotic crossing over, mutation