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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How many bones are in the body?
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206
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Name 5 different types of bone
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long
short flat irregular sesamoid |
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what is an example of a long bone
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femur
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what is an example of a short bone
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phalanges
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what is an example of a flat bone
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scapula
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what is an example of an irregular bone
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carpals or ear bones
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what is an example of a sesamoid bone
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patella
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what is the cortex of a bone?
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the outer layer of the bone
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what is the diaphysis of a bone?
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the shaft of a long bone
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what is the epiphysis of a bone?
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the round knoblike ends
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what is the haversian system
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it contains canals containing vessels supplying oxygen and nutrients to the bone
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what is cancellous bones
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spongy tissue filled with red and yellow marrow
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what is hematopoiesis?
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production of blood cells
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where does hematopoiesis occur
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in the red marrow
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where are fat cells in bones?
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in the yellow marrow
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if yellow marrow is dislodged, what can occur
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fat embolism due to the dislodging of the fat cells that the yellow marrow produces
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what does the Volkmann's canals in bones do?
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connects bone marrow vessels with the haversian system to the periosteum
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what is the periosteum of a bone?
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the outer covering of the bone
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what two cells are found in the periosteum?
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osteoblasts and osteoclasts
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what are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
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osteoblasts build bone and osteoclasts tear down bone
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what is the matrix of a bone?
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the hardness of the bone.
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name 6 functions of the bone
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framework, supports, assists in movement, protects, makes blood cells, stores mineral salts
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what two minerals in bones balance each other out
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phosphorus and calcium
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what hormone decreases serum calcium
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calcitonin
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what vitamin helps calcium absorption
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vitamin D
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what does insulin do to the musculoskeletal system?
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increases bone growth
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name the three types of joint types
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synarthroidal, amphiarthroidal, diarthroidal
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which joint type is most commonly affected by disease or injury
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disarthroidal
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synarthroidal
amphiarthroidal or diathroidal |
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what two joint stuctures are most common
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disarthroidal and synovial
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synarthroidal
amphiarthroidal synovial diathroidal |
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synovial joints are lined with what?
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synovial membranes which produce synovial fluid
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what is the purpose of synovial fluid?
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to absorb shock
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when the synovial fluid sacs are inflamed what conidition is it?
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Bursitis
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What are the small synovial fluid sacs called?
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Bursae
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name an example of a ball and socket joint
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hip and shoulder
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name an example of a hinge joint
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elbow
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name and example of a condylar joint?
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knee
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name an example of a biaxial joint
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wrist
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name an example of a pivot joint
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radioulnar area
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name three types of muscles
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smooth,
cardiac and skeletal |
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is smooth muscle striated or nonstriated
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nonstriated
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is cardiac muscle striated or nonstriated
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striated
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is skeletal muscle striated or nonstriated
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striated
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which two types of muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system
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cardiac and smooth
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which type of muscle is controlled by the central nervous and peripheral nervous sytem?
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skeletal muscle
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which type or types of muscles are voluntary
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skeletal muscle
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muscle tissues are held together by what?
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fasciculi
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fascia
fasciculi |
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muscles are surrounded by what tissue
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fascia
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fascia
fasciculi |
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what is the skeletal muscle function?
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to provide movement
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during aging muscle fibers increase in size and number - true or false
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false - they decrease in size and number
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if a muscle is not used, what happens to the muscle tissue?
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it atrophies and sometimes deteriorates
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two supporting structures of muscles (cartilage for example) that are most susceptible to injury are
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tendons and ligaments
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what are tendons function?
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to connect bone to muscle
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what are ligaments functions?
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to connect bone to bone
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most common joint affected by osteoarthritis are:
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hips, knees, cervical and lumbar spine
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other than the most common what other joints are affected by osteoarthritis
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feet, hands, shoulders and upper extremities
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what can slow muscle atrophy and deterioration
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activity and exercise
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what race of women have less bone density than other races
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white
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what food source is good for calcium if you are lactose intolerant
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green leafy vegetables
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what is considered an antalgic gait?
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when the person shortens the stance of the affected side
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what is considered a lurch gait?
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when the person swings the shoulders to help move the affected side
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what is a goniometer?
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it measures the exact range of motion
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C T D
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connective tissue disease
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D J D
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degenerative joint disease
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O A
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osteoarthritis
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HRT
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hormone replacement
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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TJA
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total joint arthroplasty
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DVT
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deep venous thrombosis
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CPM
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continuous passive motion
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RA
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rheumatoid arthritis
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TMJ
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tempormandibular joints
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PSS
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progressive systemic sclerosis
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SLE
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systemic lupus erythrematosus
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what is crepitus?
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grating sound
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what three areas of the spine is assessed
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lumbar, thoracic, and the sacral
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how do you have the patient position himself when inspecting for scoliosis
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flex body forward
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what two types of patients may exhibit signs of lordosis?
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pregnant and abdominal obese patients
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if a patient is having hip pain what other two areas of the body may be affected
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knee and groin areas
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what is effusion?
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fluid accumulation
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what is genu valgum?
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knock-knee
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what is genu varum
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bow legged
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