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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Musculoskeletal System |
Responsible for giving our bodies shape, protecting internal organs and for movement
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What are the five functions of bones |
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation |
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What are the five types of bones |
Long (mobility bones mostly found in the extremities), short (support and stability bones mostly found in the wrist and the foot), flat (protector bones found in the human skull, pelvis, ribs and other parts of the body), irregular (do not fall into the above categories and consist of thin layers of compact bone), sesamoid (bones embedded in tendons. These bones hold the tendons further away from the joint increasing the leverage of the muscle) |
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Thorax (rib cage) |
protects the heart and lungs, enclosed by 12 pairs of ribs attached at the back to the spine. Top ten are attached to the sternum. Lower portion of the sternum is called the xiphoid process |
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Pelvis |
Consist of the ilium, pubis, and ischium. Ilium crests form the wings of the pelvis. The pubis is the anterior portion of the pelvis. The ischium is in the posterior portion |
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Shoulder gridle |
Consists of the clavicle, and scapula |
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Extremities |
Upper extend from the shoulders to finger tips. Consists of the humerus, and radius and ulna. Lower extend from the hips to toes. Consists of the femur, patella, and tibia and fibula |
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What are the three kinds of muscles |
Skeletal muscle (voluntary muscle), smooth muscle (involuntary muscle), and cardiac muscle |
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What are the three types of connective tissue |
Cartilage is a connective tissue covering the ends of some bones in the body. Cartilage helps to provide smooth operation of joints between bones and also provides some shock absorption. Tendons are a connective tissue that connects muscle to bones. Tendons create the power needed for movement. If a tendon is injured, a joint may be unable to move, or may have severely limited movement. Ligaments are a connective tissue that connects bones to bones. Ligaments provide support for joints and help to make sure that movement only occurs in the desired directions. Injury to a ligament will result in abnormal range of motion in a joint, or a lack of stability in a joint. |
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What are the three main types of joints |
Fibrous Joint – the bones are joined by a fibrous tissue with no joint cavity present. Most of these joints are immovable. An example of a fibrous joint would be the skull. Cartilaginous Joints – the bones are joined by cartilage with no joint cavity present. Cartilaginous joints allow movement, but not as much as synovial joints and an example of this would be the intervertebral joints. Synovial Joint – the bones are joined by a fluid-containing joint cavity containing the synovial fluid. The synovial joint allows substantial movement; examples of this would be the shoulder and knee. |
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What is the Axial Skeleton |
Encompasses all of the upper body bones. It is divided into three groups including the skull, the vertebral column and the thorax, serving the purpose of protecting the vital organs. Consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thorax |
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What is the Appendicular Skeleton |
encompasses the bones of the arms and legs. Consists of pectoral girdles, arms and forearms, hands, pelvis, thigh and leg, and feet |
