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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When do we use musculoskeletal imagng |
Lameness Pain Swelling Localise masses Known trauma Screening - prepurchase |
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What does orthogonal mean |
At right angles to |
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What are physis |
Growth plates, open in young animal and evidence of physial scar remains upon closure |
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What soft tissue changes can we pick up on x ray |
Swellings Masses Joint effusions Calcified soft tissue Wounds |
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What are bony changes |
Response to bone insult New bone, osteoscletosis, osteolysis, osteopaenia, fractures |
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What is osteophytosis |
Extension of the joint surface, abnormal bone spurs Increases stability to unstable joint |
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What is enthestiophytosis |
New bone formation referring to ligament attachemtns increases strength Indicates soft tissue disease |
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What is periosteal reaction |
New bone formation due to stimulation from periosteum that takes 7-10 days to form |
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What can stimulate periosteal reaction |
Trauma Chronic irritation Infection Neoplasm |
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Types of new bone formation |
Smooth Lamellar Palisading (enclosing) Irregular Spicular |
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What is hyperostosis |
Excessive growth of bone |
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Examples of hyperostosis |
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis Calvarial hyperostosis - skull |
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What is osteosclerosis |
Increase in bonse density without the change in shape Leads to increased opacity on a radiograph Response to increased loading |
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What is wolffs law |
The bone of a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed |
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Osteopetrosis |
Defective osteoclastic resoption with loss of medullary cavity |
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What is panosteitis |
Fibrous connective tissue in medulla |
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What is the difference between agressive and nonagressive osteolysis |
Agressive has marked periostial reaction Long zone of transition, loss of cortex Nonagressive has cortical expansion and thinning and is well circumscribed |
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What is osteopenia |
Reduction in bone mineral density, reduced opacity |
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What can cause osteopaenia |
Post operative thinning of the cortices Disuse of limb |
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What causes fracture |
Trauma, pathological, fatigue |
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How do we classify fractures |
Location Type - Transverse, oblique, spiral Complete/incomplete Simple, comminuted (separates compartments), segmental Open and closed Displaced? |
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How doe we assess fracture healing> |
Reduction, alignment, need for implants, soft tissue effects, bone healing Comparisons |
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What is radiological evidence of joint disease |
Osteophytosis Alteration in subchondral bone Osteochondrosis (dissecans) Altered joint space Subluxation/luxation Periarticular structures/bodies |
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What is subluxatoin |
Partial dislocation of a joint |
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What is nuclear scintigraph |
Branch of nuclear medicine allows us to image the extent of disease process based on cellular function and physiology, images are formed by gamma radiation by a gamma camera |
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What is technetium 99 |
Easy to produce radionuclide with a 6h half life
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What do we use for bone scanning |
Tc methylene or Tc oxidronate |
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Why do we use bone scanning |
Localising lamenes Show remodelling due to osteoarthritis Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis - bone infection Stress fracture Metastatic bone lesions |
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What are the other uses of scintigraphy |
Thyroid Parathyroid Portosystemic shunt GI haemorrhage |
