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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 types of muscle tissue (40-50%) of body weight |
skeletal smooth cardiac |
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functions of muscle tissue |
-movement (of body parts and organ contents) -stability (body position and organ volume) -control of body openings and passages (sphincters) -heat production |
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properties of muscle tissue (4) |
-excitability & conductivity *responds to stimuli *produces & conducts electrical signals |
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properties of muscle tissue |
-contractility *shorten *create tension
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properties of muscle tissue |
-extensibility *stretched without damage
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properties of muscle tissue |
-elasticity *returns to original shape |
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skeletal muscle (as an organ) |
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connective tissue types in skeletal tissue |
superficial fascia deep fascia epimysium perimysium endomysium |
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superficial fascia (subcuntanous layer) |
loose connective tissue
adipose connective tissue |
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fasc word root |
bandage |
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deep fascia |
separates muscles into functional groups dense irregular connective tissue |
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epimysium * |
surrounds whole muscle dense irregular connective tissue *=EXTENDS BEYOND MUSCLE TO FORM A TENDON---DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
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perimysium* |
surrounds bundles of 10-100+ muscle fibers called fascicles (fasciculi)
dense irregular connective tissue *=EXTENDS BEYOND MUSCLE TO FORM A TENDON---DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
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endomysium |
surrounds single fibers |
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parts of muscle where in connects to bone |
-origin less movable, proximal -belly thickest part of muscle -insertion more movable, distal |
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fascicle |
bundle of muscle or nerve fibers ensheathed in connective tissue |
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fascicle arrangement (relative to tendon) |
influences power and range of motion EX: paralle= increase motion decrease power
bipennate=decrease motion: increase power
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prime mover (agonist) |
causes desired action
EX: bracialis flexes the forearm |
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antagonist |
opposes
EX: triceps brachii |
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syngerists |
stabilizes intermediate joints and/or assists (working with) EX: biceps brachii, shoulder muscles |
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fixators |
stabilize origin EX: scapular muscles (stabilize other joints while movement is happening) |
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lever system |
see sketch (tetter totter) 1.import effort 2.fulcrum 3.resistance load output |
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classification of muscles |
fusiform parallel triangular unipennate bipennate mulitpennate circular |
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fusiform muscle |
thick in the middle and tapered at end |
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parrallel |
fairly uniform width and parallel fascicles |
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triangular (convergent) |
are fan shaped- broad at one end and narrower at the other end |
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pennate |
are feathered-shaped
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circular |
form rings around certain body openings (sphincters) |
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skeletal muscle in the body |
muscles=effort joints=fulcrum body weight=resistance or objects bones=levers |
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relative position of the three (muscles) (joints) (bones) determine |
mechanical advantage : decrease effort= increase output or mechanical disadvantage: increases effort= decreases output (or a mechanical advantage of <1) |
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levers trade-off effort vs. distance and speed |
long levers can lift great weight but must move a great distance most levers in the body work at a mechanical disadvantage but gain speed and distance |
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cell= muscle fiber= myofiber |
see sketch of sarcomere |
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sarcomere sarco=flesh mere=part |
structural and functional unit of a muscle cell
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3 major protein myofilaments (microfilaments (part of cytoskeleton) |
thick (myosin) thin(actin and regulatory proteins) elastin (titin) |
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striations |
form alternating light and dark bands |
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dark A band |
myosin (H zone is midline gap between thin filaments |
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light I band |
actin(gap between thick filaments) |
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muscles contracts by |
sliding filament mechanism |
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muscle cell also has specialized ER |
sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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sarcolemma has deep inavaginations |
the T-tubules |
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skeletal muscles contract |
voluntary |
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neuromuscular junction or motor end plate (communication from brain) |
brain-----spinal cord------motor neuron---muscle (in this sequence) |