Mtel Early Childhood Theories

Front 1

Psychosexual Stages of Development (Freud)

Back 1

Parents play a large role in managing their children's sexual and aggressive drives as children to ensure proper development.

Hint 1

Oral (0-1)- Mouth is pleasure center.Anal (1-3)- Learn to control bodily functions.Phallic (3-6)- Sexual desire opposite sex parent.Latency (6-12)- Sexual instincts subside.Genital (12+)- Sexual Impulses reemerge.

Front 2

Psychosocial Stages of Development (Erikson)

Back 2

A psychoanalytic theory- in each stage one confronts (and hopefully masters) new challenges.

Hint 2

Hope- Trust vs. Mistrust 0-2Will- Autonomy vs. Shame + Doubt (2-4)Purpose- Initiative vs. Guilt (4-5)Competence- Industry vs. Inferiority (5-12)Fidelity- Identity vs. Role Confusion (13-19)Love- Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-39)Care- Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-64)Wisdom- Ego Integrity vs. Despair (64+)

Front 3

Stages of Cognitive Development

(Piaget)

Back 3

Stage theory of intellectual development- children go through qualitative changes in how they think, not in what they know.

Hint 3

Sensoriomotor- (0-2) Learn through sensory experiences and manipulating objects (struggle with object permanence)Preoperational- (2-7) Learn through pretend play (struggle with logic and empathy)Concrete Operational- (7-11) Logical but rigid thinking, less egocentric more empatheticFormal Operational- (11+) Increase of Logic, Increase in Deductive Reasoning, Understanding of Abstract Ideas

Front 4

Attachment Theory (Bowlby)

Back 4

How a child responds in situations where they perceive danger or distress- do they think that they will be helped.

(Monkey Experiment)

Hint 4

Preattachment- (0-6weeks) Crying and cooing help bring a baby into contact with a caregiver.

Attachment in the Making- (6weeks-8 months) Infants respond differently to caregivers and strangers. Parents build attachment by responding to their babies needs.

Clear-cut attachment- (8-18 months) Separation anxiety develops in this stage, toddlers want to be with their preferred caregiver at all times- and have their attention. Parents can continue to be receptive to the child's needs.

Formation of Reciprocal Attachment- (18moths- 2 years) Children begin to understand a parent's coming and going, less separation anxiety.

Front 5

Social Learning (Bandura)

Back 5

Learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context. Can occur through observation or direct instruction.

Hint 5

Observation (Environmental)

Retention (Cognitive)

Reproducation (Cognitive)

Motivation (Both)

Front 6

Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky)

Back 6

Theory that looks at how a person's society contributes to their development. Cultural beliefs influence development.

Front 7

Stages of Moral Development (Kohlberg)

Back 7

Moral reasoning has six distinct stages, how one responds to moral dilemmas.

(Heinz Dilemma)

Hint 7

Level 1: Preconventional Morality

Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment

Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange

Level 2: Conventional Morality

Stage 3: Good for interpersonal relationships

Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order

Level 3: Post-conventional Morality

Stage 5: Social Contract/ Individual Rights

Stage 6: Universal Principles

Front 8

Methodological Behaviorism (Watson)

Back 8

The mind is a blank slate (tabula rasa) and behaviorism's goal is to predict and control behavior.
(Pavlov)

Front 9

Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner)

Back 9

There are five environmental systems that people interact with that inform their development.

Hint 9

Microsystem: Immediate Environment (Family, Peers, School)

Mesosystem: Conncetions between the microsystem (parents and teachers, friends and parents)

Exosystem: Connections (Links between the microsystem and outside influences- parents jobs)

Macrosystem: Social and cutural values

Chronosystem: Changes over time

Front 10

Conducive Learning (Montessori)

Back 10

Conducive learning means that the environment that a child is learning in allows the child to explore and learn without limitation. Things are at the child's level, and the child is free to choose what they would like to do.

Front 11

Radical Behaviorism (Skinner)

Back 11

Organisms are born with innate behavior- behavior depends on the consequences that have happened when you've done something in the past- in skinners views emotions and thoughts count the same as other "behaviors."