Mqm 221 - Chapter 3

Front 1

way in which factors such as skills, abilities, personalities, perceptions, attitudes, values, and ethics differ from one individual to another

Back 1

individual differences

Front 2

psychological approach that emphasizes that in order to understand human behavior, we must know something about the person and about the situation

Back 2

interactional psychology

Front 3

relatively stable set of characteristics that influence an individual's behavior

Back 3

personality

Front 4

personality theory that states that in order to understand individuals, we must break down behavior patterns into a series of observable traits

Back 4

trait theory

Front 5

broad theory that describes personality as a composite of an individual's psychological processes

Back 5

integrative approach

Front 6

individual's generalized belief about internal control (self-control) vs. external control (control by the situation or by others)

Back 6

locus of control

Front 7

individual's general belief that he or she is capable of meeting job demands in a wide variety of situations

Back 7

general self-efficacy

Front 8

individuals general feeling of self-worth

Back 8

self-esteem

Front 9

extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations

Back 9

self-monitoring

Front 10

individuals tendency to accentuate the positive aspects of himself or herself, other people, and the world in general

Back 10

positive affect

Front 11

individual's tendency to accentuate the negative aspects of himself or herself, other people, and the world in general

Back 11

negative affect

Front 12

situation that overwhelms the effects of individual personalities by providing strong cues for appropriate behavior

Back 12

strong situation

Front 13

personality test that elicits an individual's response to abstract stimuli

Back 13

projective test

Front 14

personality assessments that involve observing an individual's behavior in a controlled situation

Back 14

behavioral measures

Front 15

common personality assessment that involves an individual's responses to a series of questions

Back 15

self-report questionnaire

Front 16

instrument developed to measure Carl Jung's theory of individual differences

Back 16

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Front 17

preference indicating that an individual is energized by interaction with other people

Back 17

extraversion

Front 18

preference indicating that an individual is energized by time alone

Back 18

introversion

Front 19

gathering information through the five senses

Back 19

sensing

Front 20

gathering information through "sixth sense" and focusing on what could be rather than what actually exists

Back 20

intuition

Front 21

making decisions in logical, objective fashion

Back 21

thinking

Front 22

making decisions in personal, value-oriented way

Back 22

feeling

Front 23

preferring closure and completion in making decisions

Back 23

judging

Front 24

preferring to explore many alternatives and flexibility

Back 24

perceiving

Front 25

process of interpreting information about another person

Back 25

social perception

Front 26

assumption that an individual's behavior is accounted for by the situation

Back 26

discounting principle

Front 27

process of selecting information that supports our individual viewpoints while discounting information that threatens our viewpoints

Back 27

selective perception

Front 28

generalization about a group of people

Back 28

stereotype

Front 29

tendency to form lasting opinions about an individual based on initial perceptions

Back 29

first-impression error

Front 30

overestimating the number of people who share our own beliefs, values, and behaviors

Back 30

projection

Front 31

situation in which our expectations about people affect our interaction with them in such a way that our expectations are fulfilled

Back 31

self-fulfilling prophecy

Front 32

process by which individuals try to control the impressions others have of them

Back 32

impression management

Front 33

theory that explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own behavior and that of others

Back 33

attribution theory

Front 34

tendency to make attributions to internal causes when focusing on someone else's behavior

Back 34

fundamental attribution error

Front 35

tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal causes and one's failures to external causes

Back 35

self-serving bias