Motor Control

Front 1

What are the two base theories of motor function?

Back 1

1. Motor control theory
2. Motor learning theory

Front 2

Systems theory

Back 2

Motor function results from series of interacting systems that contribute to different aspects of movement control

Front 3

Motor programming theory

Back 3

abstract code results in production of coordinated movement sequence

Front 4

Open loop system

Back 4

movement patterns are stored, initiated w/o feedback, automatic (reaction to fire alarm)

Front 5

Closed loop system

Back 5

Movement patterns are initiated and modified using feedback info (playing video game)

Front 6

Motor learning theory

Back 6

feedback and practice are used to influence type and degree of learning, leads to permanent changes in performance capabilities

Front 7

Motor milestones

Back 7

Development of motor control in the child emerges at predictable stages

Front 8

How do motor milestones progress?

Back 8

Head to foot and proximal to distal

Front 9

Reflex hierarchical theory

Back 9

primitive and static attitudinal reflexes are believed to become integrated as the CNS matures and higher level postural reflexes emerge

Front 10

Motor recovery

Back 10

The regaining of movement skills lost through injury.

Front 11

Compensation

Back 11

the adoption of alternative behavioral strategies to complete a task

Ex; writing left handed

Front 12

Spontaneous recovery

Back 12

the initial neural repair process that occurs immediately after injury.

Front 13

Function-induced recovery

Back 13

ability of the nervous system to modify itself in response to activity and environmental stimulation

Front 14

Mobility

Back 14

ability to move from one position to another independently and safely

Front 15

Stability

Back 15

ability to maintain a position with the body at rest with orientation of the COM over the BOS

Front 16

Controlled mobility

Back 16

ability to maintain postural stability and orientation of the COM over the BOS while parts of the body are in motion

Front 17

Skill

Back 17

an action that has a specific goal and requires a coordinated movement sequence to achieve the goal

Front 18

Adaptation

Back 18

the ability to modify a skill in response to changing task and environmental demands

Front 19

Reaction time

Back 19

the interval of time between the onset of the stimulus to move and the initiation of a movement sequence

Front 20

Gross motor skills

Back 20

large musculature

Front 21

Fine motor skills

Back 21

Motor skills that require control of small muscles of the body to achieve the goal of skill.

Front 22

Closed motor skill

Back 22

a skill performed in a stable or predictable environment

Front 23

Open motor skill

Back 23

A skill performed in a variable or unpredictable environment

Front 24

Discrete motor skills

Back 24

skills that have a distinct beginning and end points

Front 25

Serial motor skills

Back 25

Skills that are discrete or individual steps put together in a series

Front 26

Continuous motor skills

Back 26

Skills that have beginning and end points defined by the performer or external agents (running)

Front 27

Simple motor skills

Back 27

movements that involve a single motor program that produces an individual movement response (kicking a ball)

Front 28

Complex motor skills

Back 28

movements that involve multiple actions and motor programs combined to produce a coordinated movement response (running and kicking ball)

Front 29

Dual-task skills

Back 29

Movements that involve simultaneous actions performed together (walking and carrying tray)

Front 30

Anticipation timing

Back 30

the ability to time movements to a target or an event in the environment

Front 31

Regulatory conditions

Back 31

those features of the environment to which movement must be molded in order to be successful

Front 32

Self-paced skills

Back 32

movements that are initiated at will and whose timing is controlled or modified by the individual

Front 33

Externally paced skills

Back 33

movements that are initiated and paced by dictates of the external environment

Front 34

Learned nonuse

Back 34

Learning to not use the affected body segment

Front 35

Are skills under involuntary or voluntary control?

Back 35

Voluntary control. Reflexes are not skilled movements

Front 36

Motor Ability

Back 36

The general capacity of an individual to perform a skill or task that is genetically predetermined.