Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Purines |
Guanine and Adenine |
|
|
|
Pyrimidines |
Cytosine, thymine and uracil |
|
|
|
DNA replication occurs while |
A cell is in interphase |
|
|
|
DNA replication key enzymes |
Helices - unzipper DNA polymerase - polynucleotide maker Primate - guider and anchor Ligase - fixer upper |
|
|
|
Strands |
5 —> 3 = leading strand (quick) 3—> 5 = lagging strand (slow) |
DNA polymerase uses 5—>3 leading strand |
|
|
DNA replication is |
A semi-conservative process |
|
|
|
Transcription occurs in |
Nucleus |
|
|
|
Translation occurs in |
Cytoplasm |
|
|
|
Transcription |
Uses RNA polymerase to create mRNA |
|
|
|
Translation |
mRNA goes into the cytoplasm and is fed through a ribosome |
|
|
|
PCR is used to test for |
HIV, HPV, GBS, amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling |
Pcr process: 1. Denaturation 2. Annealing 3. Extension |
|
|
FISH |
Prenatal diagnosis from amnio or chorionic villus sampling |
|
|
|
Western blot |
Tests for proteins |
|
|
|
Northern blot |
Tests for RNA sequences |
|
|
|
Southern blot |
Tests for DNA sequences |
|
|
|
ELISA |
Detects antibodies |
|
|
|
rRNA |
Plays a structural and catalytic role as a component of ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis |
|
|
|
Promoter regions in DNA |
Are the binding sites for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription |
|
|
|
mRNA processing such as splicing, capping and polyadenylation typically occurs in the |
Nucleus |
|
|
|
siRNA (small interfering RNA) are processed from long double stranded RNA molecules and they can |
Degrade mRNA after it has been transcribed |
|
|
|
miRNA (micro RNA) |
miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression |
|
|
|
Allele |
A version of a gene located at a specific point on a chromosome |
|
|
|
Reverse transcription |
Making DNA from an RNA template |
|
|
|
Spliceosome |
Modify mRNA by removing introns |
|
|
|
Missense mutation |
A mutation that results in a change in a single amino acid in a protein. This type of mutation alters the codon in a way that leads to the incorporation of a different amino acid in the protein being synthesized. |
|
|
|
Histones |
The primary function of histones in eukaryotic cells is to package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. |
|
|
|
Karyotype |
A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
|
|
|
DNA in apoptotic cells is |
Fragmented |
|
|
|
Telomerase |
The main role of the enzyme telomerase is to add repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes, thereby extending the telomeres and helping to maintain chromosome integrity. |
|
|
|
DNA methylation |
DNA methylation is a process used by cells to turn off gene expression, thereby preventing the synthesis of certain proteins. |
|
|
|
Enhancers |
Enhancers increase the rate of transcription by binding transcription factors that interact with the promoter region. Enhancers are regulatory DNA sequences that can be located far from the gene they regulate. |
|
