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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pedigree |
A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations |
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Monohybrid cross |
A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait |
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Dihybrid cross |
A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits |
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Autosomes |
Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual |
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Sex chromosomes |
Chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual |
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Antigen |
A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody |
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Autosomal inheritance |
Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome |
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True breeding |
If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic. |
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Allele |
One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes |
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Genotype |
Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait |
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Phenotype |
The observable expression of an organism's genes |
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Homozygous genotype |
A genotype in which both alleles are identical |
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Heterozygous genotype |
A genotype with two different alleles |
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Dominant allele |
An allele that will determine the phenotype if just one is present in the genotype |
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Recessive allele |
An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is Homozygous in that allele |
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Mendel's Principles of genetics |
1. The traits of an organism are determined by it genes 2. Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given trait 3. In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes only one of its alleles to its offspring 4. In each genotype, there is a dominant allele. If it exists in an organism, the phenotype is determined by that allele |
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Genetic disease carrier |
A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder |
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Sex-linked inheritance |
Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes |
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Mutation |
A radical chemical change in one or more alleles |
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Change in chromosome structure |
A situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis |
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Change in chromosome number |
A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete |
