Module 4/medical Terms

Front 1

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (ah-KWI-erd im-u-no-dehFISH-en-se SIN-drom

Back 1

suppression or deficiency of the immune system caused by exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus.

Front 2

ACROMEGALY (ak-ro-MEG-ah-le):

Back 2

enlargement of extremities as a result of thickening of bones and soft tissues; caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland (after completion of puberty).

Front 3

ACUTE (ah-KUT

Back 3

sharp, sudden, and intense for a short period of time.

Front 4

ADENITIS (ad-en-NI-tis):

Back 4

inflammation of a gland.

Front 5

ADENOCARCINOMA. (ah-deh-no-kar-sih-NO-mah):

Back 5

cancerous tumor derived from glandular cells.

Front 6

ADENOIDS (AD-eh-noidz):

Back 6

enlarged lymphatic tissue in the upper part of the throat near the nasal passageways.

Front 7

ADENOIDECTOMY (ah-deh-noyd-EK-to-me):

Back 7

removal of adenoids.

Front 8

ADENOMA (ah-deh-NO-mah):

Back 8

benign tumor of glandular cells.

Front 9

ADENOPATHY (ah-deh-NOP-ah-the):

Back 9

disease of glands. Often this term means enlargement of lymph nodes (which are not true glands, but collections of lymphatic tissue).

Front 10

ADNEXA UTERI (ad-NEKS-ah U-ter-i):

Back 10

accessory structures of the uterus (ovaries, and fallopian tubes).

Front 11

ADRENAL CORTEX (ad-DRE-nal KOR-teks):

Back 11

outermost part of the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids (cortisone).

Front 12

ADRENAL GLANDS (ah-DRE-nal glanz):

Back 12

two endocrine glands, each above a kidney. The adrenal glands produce hormones such as adrenalin (epinephrine) and hydrocortisone (cortisol).

Front 13

ADRENALECTOMY (ah-dre-nal-EK-to-me):

Back 13

removal (excision) of adrenal glands.

Front 14

ADRENOPATHY (ah-dre-NOP-a-the):

Back 14

disease of adrenal glands.

Front 15

AIDS

Back 15

see ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

Front 16

AIR SACS (ayr-saks):

Back 16

thin-walled sacs within the lung. Inhaled oxygen passes into the blood from the sacs, and carbon dioxide passes out from the blood into the sacs to be exhaled.

Front 17

ALBUMINURIA (al-bu-men-U-re-ah):

Back 17

albumin (protein) in the urine; indicating malfunction of the kidney.

Front 18

ALLERGIST (AL-er-jist):

Back 18

medical doctor specializing in identifying and treating abnormal sensitivity to foreign substances such as pollen, dust, foods, and drugs.

Front 19

ALOPECIA (ah-lo-PE-shah):

Back 19

loss of hair; baldness.

Front 20

ALVEOLAR (al-VE-o-lar):

Back 20

pertaining to air sacs (alveoli) within the lungs.

Front 21

ALVEOLUS (al-ve-O-Ius):

Back 21

an air sac within the lung (pl. alveoli).

Front 22

AMENORRHEA (a-men-o-RE-ah):

Back 22

absence of menstrual periods.

Front 23

AMNIOCENTESIS (am-ne-o-sen-TE-sis):

Back 23

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amnion (sac surrounding the developing fetus).

Front 24

ANAL (A-nal):

Back 24

pertaining to the anus (opening of the rectum to the outside of the body).

Front 25

LYSIS (ah-NAIL-ih-sis):

Back 25

separating a substance into its component parts.

Front 26

ANEMIA (ah-NE-me-ah):

Back 26

reduced amount of oxygen to body tissues. This may result from deficiencies and abnormalities of red blood cells or loss of blood. Literally, anemia means lacking (AN-) in blood (-EMIA).

Front 27

ANEMIC (ah-NE-mik):

Back 27

pertaining to ANEMIA.

Front 28

ANESTHESIOLOGIST (an-es-the-ze-OL-o-jist):

Back 28

medical doctor specializing in administering agents capable of bringing about loss of sensation and consciousness.

Front 29

ANESTHESIOLOGY (an-es-the-ze-OL-o-je):

Back 29

study of how to administer agents capable of bringing about loss of sensation and consciousness.

Front 30

ANEURYSM (AN-u-rizm):

Back 30

localized widening of the wall of an artery, vein, or of the heart. From ANA- meaning "throughout" and EURUS meaning "wide."

Front 31

ANGINA (an-JI-nah):

Back 31

sharp pain in the chest resulting from a decrease in blood supply to heart muscle; also called angina pectoris (chest).

Front 32

ANGIOGRAPHY (an-je-OG-rah-fe):

Back 32

x-ray recording of blood vessels after contrast is injected.

Front 33

ANGIOPLASTY (AN-je-o-plas-te):

Back 33

surgical repair of a blood vessel. A tube (catheter) is placed in a clogged artery and a balloon in the end of the tube is inflated to flatten the clogged material against the wall of the artery. This enlarges the diameter of the artery so that more blood can pass through. Also called balloon angioplasty.

Front 34

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (ang-ki-LO-sing spon-dih-LI-tis):

Back 34

chronic inflammation of the vertebrae (backbones) with stiffening of spinal joints so that movement becomes increasingly painful.

Front 35

ANKYLOSIS (ang-ki-LO-sis):

Back 35

stiffening and immobility of a joint due to injury, disease, or surgical procedure.

Front 36

ANTIARRHYTHMIC (an-te-ah-RITH-mik):

Back 36

an irregularity; deviation from the normal. A congenital anomaly (irregularity) is present at birth.

Front 37

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE (an-ti-hi-per-TEN-siv):

Back 37

drug that reduces high blood pressure.

Front 38

ANURIA (an-U-re-ah):

Back 38

no urine formation by the kidney.

Front 39

ANUS (A-nus):

Back 39

opening of the rectum to the surface of the body; solid wastes (feces) leave the body through the anus.

Front 40

AORTA (a-OR-tah):

Back 40

largest artery; it leads from the left ventricle of the heart to arteries throughout the body.

Front 41

AORTIC STENOSIS (a-OR-tik steh-NO-sis):

Back 41

narrowing of the aorta.

Front 42

APEX (A-peks):

Back 42

pointed end of an organ. Plural is apices (A-pih-sez).

Front 43

APHAKIA (ah-FA-ke-ah):

Back 43

absence of the lens of the eye.

Front 44

APNEA (AP-ne-ah):

Back 44

not (A-) able to breathe (PNEA).

Front 45

APPENDECTOMY (ap-en-DEK-to-me):

Back 45

removal of the appendix.

Front 46

APPENDICITIS (ap-en-dih-SI-tis):

Back 46

inflammation of the appendix.

Front 47

APPENDIX (ah-PEN-dikz):

Back 47

small sac that hangs from the juncture of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Its function is unknown.

Front 48

AREOLA (ah-RE-o-lah):

Back 48

dark, pigmented area around the nipple of the breast.

Front 49

ARRHYTHMIA (a-RITH-me-ah):

Back 49

abnormal heart rhythm.

Front 50

ARTERIOLE (ar-TER-e-ol):

Back 50

a small artery.

Front 51

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (ar-ter-e-o-skle-RO-sis):

Back 51

hardening of arteries. The most common form is atherosclerosis, which is hardening of arteries caused by collection of fatty, cholesterol-like deposits (plaque) in arteries.

Front 52

ARTERY (AR-ter-e):

Back 52

largest blood vessel. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Front 53

ARTHRALGIA (ar-THRAL-je-ah):

Back 53

pain in a joint.

Front 54

ARTHRITIS (ar-THRI-tis):

Back 54

inflammation of a joint.

Front 55

ARTHROCENTESIS (ar-thro-sen-TE-sis):

Back 55

surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint.

Front 56

ARTHROGRAM (AR-thro-gram):

Back 56

x-ray record of a joint.

Front 57

ARTHROPATHY (ar-THROP-ah-the):

Back 57

disease of joints.

Front 58

ARTHROSCOPE (AR-thro-skop):

Back 58

an instrument to examine the inside of a joint.

Front 59

ARTHROSCOPY (ar-THROS-ko-pe):

Back 59

process of visual examination of a joint.

Front 60

ARTHROSIS (ar-THRO-sis):

Back 60

abnormal condition of a joint.

Front 61

ASCITES (ah-SI-tez):

Back 61

abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.

Front 62

ASPHYXIA (as-FIK-se-ah):

Back 62

deficiency of oxygen in the blood and increase in carbon dioxide in blood and tissues. Major symptom is a complete absence of breathing.

Front 63

ASTHMA (AZ-mah):

Back 63

difficult breathing caused by spasm of bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membrane lining.

Front 64

ATELECTASIS (ah-teh-LEK-tah-sis):

Back 64

collapsed lung (ATEL meaning "incomplete"; -ECTASIS meaning "widening or dilation").

Front 65

ATHEROSCLEROSIS (ah-theh-ro-skle-RO-sis):

Back 65

see ARTERIOSCLEROSIS.

Front 66

ATRIUM (A-tre-um):

Back 66

upper chamber of the heart (pl. atria).

Front 67

ATROPHY (AT-ro-fe):

Back 67

decrease in size of an organ.

Front 68

AUDITORY CANAL (AW-dih-to-re kah-NAL):

Back 68

passageway leading into the ear from the outside of the body.

Front 69

AUDITORY NERVE (AW-dih-to-re nurve):

Back 69

carries messages from the inner ear to the brain, making hearing possible.

Front 70

AURA (AW-rah): a

Back 70

a strange sensation that often precedes a migraine headache, warning the patient that an attack is beginning.

Front 71

AURAL DISCHARGE (AW-rah DIS-charge):

Back 71

fluid or material from the ear.

Front 72

AUTOPSY (AW-top-se):

Back 72

postmortem examination of organs and tissue of the body to determine cause of death. Also called necropsy. Literally, to see (-OPSY) with one's own (AUTO-) eyes.

Front 73

AXIAL (AKS-e-al):

Back 73

pertaining to an axis (a line through the center of a body or about which a structure revolves).

Front 74

AXILLARY (AKS-ih-lar-e):

Back 74

pertaining to the armpit or underarm.

Front 75

BACTERIUM (bak-TE-re-um):

Back 75

a type of one-celled organism, whose genetic material (DNA) is not organized within a nucleus (pl. bacteria).

Front 76

BALANITIS (bah-lah-NI-tis):

Back 76

inflammation of the skin of the glans penis.

Front 77

BARIUM (BAH-re-um):

Back 77

substance used as an opaque (x-rays can't pass through it) contrast medium for x-ray examination of the digestive tract.

Front 78

IUM ENEMA (BAH-re-um EN-eh-mah):

Back 78

x-ray image of the lower digestive tract after injecting a solution of barium into the rectum.

Front 79

BARIUM MEAL (SWALLOW) (BAH-re-um mel):

Back 79

x-ray image of the upper digestive tract after swallowing a solution of barium.

Front 80

N PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (be-NIN pro-STAH-tik hi-per-PIA-zeah):

Back 80

nonmalignant enlargement of prostate gland.

Front 81

BILATERAL (bi-LAT-er-al):

Back 81

pertaining to two (both) sides.

Front 82

BILE (bil):

Back 82

a yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver. It breaks up large fat globules and helps the digestion of fats.

Front 83

BILE DUCT (bil dukt):

Back 83

tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.

Front 84

BILIRUBIN (bil-ih-RU-bin):

Back 84

a red blood cell pigment excreted with bile from the liver into the intestine.

Front 85

BIOLOGY (bi-OL-o-je):

Back 85

study of life.

Front 86

BIOPSY (BI-op-se): 

Back 86

a representative sample of tissue for microscopic examination.

Front 87

BLADDER (BLAD-der):

Back 87

see URINARY BLADDER.

Front 88

BONE (b6n):

Back 88

hard, rigid type of connective tissue that makes up most of the skeleton. It is composed of calcium salts.

Front 89

BONE MARROW (b6n MAH-ro):

Back 89

soft, sponge-like material in the inner part of bones. Blood cells are made in the bone marrow.

Front 90

BRADYCARDIA (bra-de-KAR-de-ah):

Back 90

slow heartbeat.

Front 91

BRAIN (bran):

Back 91

organ in the head that controls the activities of the body

Front 92

BREAST (brest):

Back 92

one of two glandular organs in front of the chest. The breasts produce milk after childbirth.

Front 93

BRONCHIAL TUBE (BRONG-ke-al tube):

Back 93

one of two tubes that carry air from the windpipe to the lungs. Also called a bronchus (pl. bronchi).

Front 94

BRONCHIOLE (BRONG-ke-OL):

Back 94

small bronchial tube

Front 95

BRONCHIOLITIS (brong-ke-o-LI-tis):

Back 95

inflammation of bronchioles.

Front 96

BRONCHITIS (brong-KI-tis):

Back 96

inflammation of bronchial tubes.

Front 97

BRONCHOSCOPE (BRON-ko-skop):

Back 97

instrument to visually examine bronchial tubes.

Front 98

BRONCHOSCOPY (bron-KOS-ko-pe):

Back 98

visual examination of bronchial tubes by passing an endoscope through the trachea (windpipe) into the bronchi.

Front 99

BRONCHUS (BRONG-kus):

Back 99

see BRONCHIAL TUBE.

Front 100

BURSA (BUR-sah):

Back 100

sac of fluid near a joint; pl. bursae (BUR-see).

Front 101

CALCANEUS (kal-KA-ne-us):

Back 101

heel bone.

Front 102

CALCULUS (KAL-ku-lus):

Back 102

a stone; pl. calculi (KAL-ku-1i).

Front 103

CAPILLARY (KAP-il-lar-e):

Back 103

smallest blood vessel (pl. capillaries).

Front 104

CARBON DIOXIDE (KAHR-bon di-OK-sid):

Back 104

an odorless, colorless gas formed in tissues and eliminated by the lungs.

Front 105

CARCINOMA (kar-sih-NO-mah):

Back 105

cancerous tumor. Carcinomas form in epithelial tissue, which line the internal organs as well as cover the outside of the body.

Front 106

CARDIAC (KAR-de-ak):

Back 106

pertaining to the heart.

Front 107

CARDIOLOGIST (kar-de-OL-o-jist):

Back 107

physician specializing in the study of the heart and heart disease.

Front 108

CARDIOLOGY (kar-de-OL-o-je):

Back 108

study of the heart.

Front 109

CARDIOMEGALY (kar-de-o-MEG-ah-le):

Back 109

enlargement of the heart.

Front 110

CARDIOMYOPATHY (kar-de-o-mi-OP-ah-the):

Back 110

disease of heart muscle.

Front 111

CARDIOVASCULAR SURGEON (kar-de-o-VAS-ku-lar SUR-jin):

Back 111

specialist in performing surgery on the heart and blood vessels.

Front 112

CARPALS (KAR-pa1z):

Back 112

wrist bones.

Front 113

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (KAR-pal TUN-el SIN-drom):

Back 113

a group of symptoms resulting from compression of the median nerve in the wrist. Symptoms include tingling, pain, and burning sensations in the hand and wrist.

Front 114

CARTILAGE (KAR-tih-lij):

Back 114

flexible, fibrous connective tissue, found attached to bones and at the ends of bones at the joints.

Front 115

CATARACT (KAT-ah-raht):

Back 115

clouding of the lens of the eye.

Front 116

CAT SCAN (kat scan):

Back 116

computerized axial tomography. See CT SCAN.

Front 117

CELL (sel),:

Back 117

smallest unit or part of an organ.

Front 118

CELLULITIS (sel-u-LI-tis):

Back 118

inflammation of the skin; marked by swelling, redness, and pain and caused by bacterial infection.

Front 119

CEPHALGIA (seh-FAL-je-ah):

Back 119

headache. Shortened form of cephalalgia.

Front 120

CEPHALIC (seh-FAL-ik):

Back 120

pertaining to the head.

Front 121

CEREBELLAR (ser-eh-BEL-ar):

Back 121

pertaining to the cerebellum.

Front 122

CEREBELLUM (ser-eh-BEL-um):

Back 122

lower, back part of the brain that coordinates muscle movement and balance.

Front 123

CERVICAL (SER-vi-kal):

Back 123

pertaining to the neck of the body or the neck (cervix) of the uterus.

Front 124

CERVICAL REGION (SER-vi-kal RE-jin):

Back 124

seven backbones in neck region.

Front 125

CERVICAL VERTEBRA (SER-vi-kal VER-teh-brah):

Back 125

a backbone in the neck.

Front 126

CERVIX (SER-viks):

Back 126

the lower, neck-like portion of the uterus opening into the vagina.

Front 127

CESAREAN SECTION (seh-ZAR-re-an SEK-shun):

Back 127

surgical incision into the uterus to remove the fetus at birth.

Front 128

CHEMOTHERAPY (ke-mo-THER-ah-pe):

Back 128

treatment with drugs; most often used in treatment for cancer.

Front 129

CHOLECYSTECTOMY (ko-le-sis-TEK-to-me):

Back 129

removal of the gallbladder.

Front 130

CHOLEDOCHOTOMY (ko-led-o-KOT-o-me):

Back 130

incision of the common bile duct.

Front 131

CHOLELITHIASIS (ko-le-lih-THI-ah-sis):

Back 131

abnormal condition of gallstones.

Front 132

CHONDROMA (kon-DRO-mah):

Back 132

benign tumor of cartilage.

Front 133

CHRONIC (KRON-ik):

Back 133

lasting over a long period of time.

Front 134

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (KRON-ik ob-STRUKtiv PUL-mo-na-re DEH-zes):

Back 134

chronic limitation in airflow into and out of the lungs; includes chronic bronchitis, ASTHMA, and EMPHYSEMA.

Front 135

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (SER-ku-lah-tor-e SIS-tem):

Back 135

organs (heart and blood vessels) that carry blood throughout the body.

Front 136

CIRRHOSIS (seh-RO-sis):

Back 136

liver disease with deterioration of liver cells; often caused by alcoholism and poor nutrition.

Front 137

CLAVICLE (K1AV-ih-kuh1):

Back 137

collar bone.

Front 138

CLINICAL (KLIN-eh-kal):

Back 138

pertaining to the bedside or clinic; involving patient care.

Front 139

COCCYGEAL (kok-sih-JE-al):

Back 139

pertaining to the tailbone (coccyx).

Front 140

COCCYGEAL REGION (kok-sih-JE-al RE-jin):

Back 140

four fused (joined together) bones at the base of the spinal column (backbone).

Front 141

COCCYX (KOK-siks):

Back 141

tailbone.

Front 142

COLITIS (ko-LI-tis):

Back 142

inflammation of the colon (large intestine).

Front 143

COLON (KO-lon):

Back 143

large intestine (bowel).

Front 144

COLONIC POLYPOSIS (ko-LON-ik pol-ih-PO-sis):

Back 144

growths or masses protruding from the mucous membrane lining the colon.

Front 145

COLONOSCOPY (ko-lon-OS-ko-pe):

Back 145

visual examination of the colon.

Front 146

COLORECTAL SURGEON (ko-lo-REK-tal SUR-jin):

Back 146

physician specializing in operating on the colon and rectum.

Front 147

COLOSTOMY (ko-LOS-to-me): 

Back 147

artificial opening of the colon to the outside of the body.

Front 148

COLPOSCOPY (kol-POS-ko-pe):

Back 148

visual examination of the vagina and cervix.

Front 149

CONCUSSION (kon-KUS-un): 

Back 149

traumatic injury to the brain resulting from a blow to the head.

Front 150

CONGENITAL ANOMALY (con-JEN-ih-tal ah-NOM-ah-le):

Back 150

see ANOMALY.

Front 151

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (kon-JES-tiv hart FAIL-ur):

Back 151

the heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood resulting in inadequate oxygen to body cells.

Front 152

CONIZATION (ko-nih-ZA-shun):

Back 152

removal of a wedge-shaped piece (cone) of tissue from the cervix as diagnosis and treatment of early cancer of the cervix.

Front 153

CONJUNCTIVA (kon-junk-TI-vah):

Back 153

thin protective membrane over the front of the eye and attached to the eyelids.

Front 154

CONJUNCTIVITIS (kon-junk-ti-VI-tis

Back 154

inflammation of the CONJUNCTIVA.

Front 155

CONNECTIVE TISSUE (kon-NEK-tiv TIS-u):

Back 155

fibrous tissue that supports and connects internal organs, bones, and walls of blood vessels.

Front 156

CORIUM (KOR-e-um):

Back 156

middle layer of the skin below the epidermis; DERMIS.

Front 157

CORNEA (KOR-ne-ah):

Back 157

transparent layer over the front of the eye. It bends light to focus it on sensitive cells (retina) at the back of the eye.

Front 158

CORONAL PLANE (kor-0-nal playn):

Back 158

see FRONTAL PLANE.

Front 159

CORONARY (KOR-on-ary):

Back 159

pertaining to the heart. Coronary arteries branch from the aorta (largest artery) to bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

Front 160

CORTEX (KOR-teks):

Back 160

outer part of an organ; pl. cortices (KOR-teh-sez).

Front 161

CORTISOL (KOR-tih-sol):

Back 161

anti-inflammatory hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Front 162

COSTOCHONDRITIS (kos-to-kon-DRI-tis):

Back 162

inflammation of a rib and its cartilage.

Front 163

COSTOCHONDRAL (kos-to-KON-dral):

Back 163

pertaining to a rib and its cartilage.

Front 164

CRANIAL CAVITY (KRA-ne-al KAV-ih-te):

Back 164

the space surrounded by the skull and containing the brain.

Front 165

CRANIOTOMY (kra-ne-OT-o-me):

Back 165

incision into the skull.

Front 166

CRANIUM (KRA-ne-um):

Back 166

skull.

Front 167

CREATININE (kre-AT-tih-nin):

Back 167

nitrogen-containing waste that is removed from the blood by the kidney and excreted in urine.

Front 168

CROHN'S DISEASE (kron dih-zes):

Back 168

inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract marked by bouts of diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever. Along with ulcerative colitis, it is a type of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE.

Front 169

CRYPTORCHISM (kript-OR-kism):

Back 169

undescended (CRYPT- means "hidden") testicle. The testicle is not in the scrotal sac at birth.

Front 170

CT SCAN:

Back 170

computed tomography. A series of x-ray images that show organs in cross-section (transverse view). Also called a CAT scan.

Front 171

CUSHING'S SYNDROME (KOOSH-ing SIN-drom):

Back 171

symptoms produced by an excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex; marked by moon face, fatty swellings, and weakness.

Front 172

CYSTITIS (sis-TI-tis):

Back 172

inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Front 173

CYSTOSCOPE (SIS-to-skop):

Back 173

instrument (endoscope) to view the urinary bladder

Front 174

CYSTOSCOPY (sis-TOS-ko-pe):

Back 174

visual examination of the urinary bladder

Front 175

CYTOLOGY (si-TOL-o-je):

Back 175

study of cells

Front 176

DEBRIDEMENT (de-BREED-ment):

Back 176

removal of diseased tissue from the skin

Front 177

DEMENTIA (deh-MEN-shah):

Back 177

loss of memory and mental abilities

Front 178

DERMATITIS (der-mah-TI-tis):

Back 178

inflammation of the skin.

Front 179

DERMATOLOGIST (der-mah-TOL-o-jist):

Back 179

physician specializing in the skin and its diseases

Front 180

DERMATOSIS (der-mah-TO-sis):

Back 180

any abnormal condition of the skin.

Front 181

DERMIS (DER-mis):

Back 181

fibrous middle layer of the skin below the epidermis. It contains nerves and blood vessels, hair roots, oil and sweat glands; CORIUM.

Front 182

DIABETES MELLITUS (di-ah-BE-tez MEL-Ii-tus):

Back 182

disorder marked by deficient or lack of INSULIN in the blood. This causes sugar to remain in the blood rather than entering cells. Named from a Greek word meaning "siphon," through which water passes easily, one symptom of diabetes is frequent urination (polyuria). Type I or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus often affects children and requires injections of insulin. Type II or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus occurs when insulin is not adequately or appropriately secreted. Type II diabetes has a tendency to develop later in life (adult-onset).

Front 183

DIAGNOSIS (di-ag-NO-sis):

Back 183

complete knowledge of patient's condition (pl. diagnoses).

Front 184

DIALYSIS (di-AL-ih-sis):

Back 184

complete separation (-LYSIS) of wastes (urea) from the blood when the kidneys fail. See also HEMODIALYSIS and PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

Front 185

DIAPHRAGM (DI-ah-fram):

Back 185

muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen.

Front 186

DIARRHEA (di-ah-RE-ah):

Back 186

Discharge of watery wastes from the COLON.

Front 187

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (di-JES-tiv SIS-tem):

Back 187

organs ingest and digest food, break it down, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste product.  This process begins in the mouth and ends at the anus.

Front 188

DILATION (di-IIA-shun):

Back 188

widening, dilatation

Front 189

DILATION AND CURETTAGE (di-IIA-shun and kur-eh-TAJ):

Back 189

widening of the opening to the cervix and scraping (curettage) of the inner lining of the uterus; D&C.

Front 190

DISC (DISK):

Back 190

a piece of cartilage that is between each backbone.

Front 191

DIURETICS (di-u-RET-iks):

Back 191

drugs that cause kidneys to allow more fluid (as urine) to leave the body; used to treat HYPERTENSION. DI- (from DIA-) means "complete" and UR- means urine.

Front 192

DIVERTICULUM (di-ver-TIK-u-lum):

Back 192

a small pouch or sac created by a herniation of a mucous membrane lining (often in the intestines) (pl. diverticula).

Front 193

DIVERTICULOSIS (di-ver-tik-u-LO-sis):

Back 193

abnormal condition of small pouches in the lining of the intestines.

Front 194

DUODENAL (do-o-DE-nal):

Back 194

pertaining to the duodenum

Front 195

DUODENUM (do-o-DE-num):

Back 195

first part of the small intestine

Front 196

DYSMENORRHEA (dis-men-o-RE-ah):

Back 196

painful menstrual flow.

Front 197

DYSPEPSIA (dis-PEP-se-ah):

Back 197

painful (DYS-) digestion (-PEPSIA).

Front 198

DYSPHASIA (dis-FA-zhah):

Back 198

difficult (impairment of) speech.

Front 199

DYSPLASIA (dis-PLA-zhah):

Back 199

abnormal development or formation of cells. Normal cells change in size, shape, and organization.

Front 200

DYSPNEA (disp-NE-ah):

Back 200

painful (labored, difficult) breathing (-PNEA).

Front 201

DYSURIA (dis-U-re-ah):

Back 201

painful or difficult urination.

Front 202

EAR:

Back 202

organ that receives sound waves and transmits them to nerves leading to the brain.

Front 203

EARDRUM (EAR-drum):

Back 203

membrane separating outer and middle part of the ear; tympanic membrane.

Front 204

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY (ek-TOP-ik PREG-nan-se):

Back 204

development of the fetus in a place other than the uterus. The fallopian tubes are the most common ectopic site.

Front 205

EDEMA (eh-DE-mah):

Back 205

swelling in tissues; often caused by retention (holding back) of fluid and salt by the kidneys

Front 206

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (e-lek-tro-KAR-de-o-gram):

Back 206

record of the electrical activity in the heart.

Front 207

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (e-lek-tro-en-SEF-ah-lo-gram):

Back 207

record of the electrical activity in the brain

Front 208

EMBRYO (EM-bre-o):

Back 208

a new organism in the earliest stage of development. At the end of the second month of pregnancy, the developing baby is called a FETUS

Front 209

EMERGENCY MEDICINE (e-MER-jen-se MED-ih-sin):

Back 209

care of patients requiring immediate action.

Front 210

EMPHYSEMA (em-fih-SE-mah):

Back 210

a lung disorder in which air becomes trapped in the air sacs and bronchioles, making breathing difficult. Marked by mucus accumulation and loss of elasticity in lung tissue.

Front 211

ENCEPHALITIS (en-sef-ah-LI-tis):

Back 211

inflammation of the brain.

Front 212

ENCEPHALOPATHY (en-sef-ah-LOP-ah-the):

Back 212

disease of the brain.

Front 213

ENDOCRINE GLANDS (EN-do-krin glanz):

Back 213

organs that produce (secrete) hormones.

Front 214

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (EN-do, krin SIS-tem):

Back 214

endocrine glands. Examples of endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands and the pancreas.

Front 215

ENDOCRINOLOGIST (en-do-krih-NOL-o-jist):

Back 215

specialist in the study of endocrine glands and their disorders.

Front 216

ENDOCRINOLOGY (en-do-krih-NOL-o-je):

Back 216

study of ENDOCRINE GLANDS.

Front 217

ENDOMETRIOSIS (en-do-me-tre-0-sis):

Back 217

an abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue from the inner lining of the uterus is found outside the uterus, usually in the pelvic cavity.

Front 218

ENDOMETRIUM (en-do-ME-tre-um):

Back 218

inner lining of the uterus.

Front 219

ENDOSCOPE (EN-do-skop):

Back 219

instrument to view a hollow organ or body cavity; a tube fitted with a lens system that allows viewing in different directions.

Front 220

ENDOSCOPY (en-DOS-ko-pe):

Back 220

process of viewing the inside of hollow organs or cavities by using an endoscope.

Front 221

ENTERITIS (en-teh-RI-tis):

Back 221

inflammation of the small intestine.

Front 222

EPIDERMIS (ep-i-DER-mis):

Back 222

the outer (EPI-) layer of the skin (-DERMIS).

Front 223

EPIDURAL HEMATOMA (ep-ih-DUR-al he-mah-TO-mah):

Back 223

mass of blood above the dura mater (outermost layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord).

Front 224

EPIGLOTTIS (ep-ih-GLOT-tis):

Back 224

flap of cartilage that covers the mouth of the trachea when swallowing occurs, so that food cannot enter the airway.

Front 225

EPIGLOTTITIS (ep-ih-glo-TI-tis):

Back 225

inflammation of the EPIGLOTTIS.

Front 226

EPILEPSY (ep-ih-LEP-se):

Back 226

abnormal electrical activity in the brain results in sudden, fleeting disturbances in nerve cell functioning. An attack of epilepsy is called a SEIZURE.

Front 227

EPITHELIAL (ep-ih-THE-le-al):

Back 227

pertaining to skin cells. This term originally described cells upon (EPI-) the breast nipple (THELI-). Now, it indicates all cells lining the inner part of internal organs as well as covering the outside of the body.

Front 228

ERYTHROCYTE (e-RITH-ro-sit):

Back 228

red blood cell.

Front 229

ERYTHROCYTOSIS (e-rith-ro-si-TO-sis):

Back 229

abnormal condition (increase in number) of red blood cells.

Front 230

ERYTHROMYCIN (e-rith-ro-MI-sin):

Back 230

an antibiotic that is produced from a red (ERYTHR/0) mold (-MYCIN).

Front 231

ESOPHAGEAL (e-sof-ah-JE-al):

Back 231

pertaining to the esophagus

Front 232

EUSTACHIAN TUBE (u-STA-she-an tub):

Back 232

channel connecting the middle part of the ear with the throat.

Front 233

EXCISION (ek-SIZH-un):

Back 233

to cut out; remove; resect

Front 234

EXOCRINE GLANDS (EK-so-krin glanz):

Back 234

produce (secrete) chemicals that leave the body through tubes (ducts). Examples are tear, sweat, and salivary glands.

Front 235

EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER (ek-sof-TILAL-mik GOY-ter):

Back 235

enlargement of the thyroid gland accompanied by high levels of thyroid hormone in the blood and protrusion of the eyeballs (EXOPHTHALMOS).

Front 236

EXOPHTHALMOS (ek-sof-THAL-mos):

Back 236

abnormal protrusion of eyeballs; usually caused by HYPERTHYROIDISM.

Front 237

EXTRAHEPATIC (eks-tra-heh-PAT-ik):

Back 237

pertaining to outside the liver.

Front 238

EXTRAPULMONARY (eks-trah-PUL-mo-nah-re):

Back 238

outside the lungs.

Front 239

EYE (i):

Back 239

organ that receives light waves and transmits them to the brain.

Front 240

FALLOPIAN TUBES (fah-LO-pe-an tubz):

Back 240

two tubes that lead from the ovaries to the uterus. They transport egg cells to the uterus; also called uterine tubes.

Front 241

FAMILY MEDICINE (FAM-We MED-ih-sin):

Back 241

primary care of all members of the family on a continuing basis.

Front 242

FELLOWSHIP TRAINING (FEL-o-ship TRA-ning):

Back 242

postgraduate training for doctors in specialized fields. The training may include CLINICAL and RESEARCH (laboratory) work.

Front 243

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (FE-mal re-pro-DUK-tiv SIS-tem):

Back 243

organs that produce (ovary) and transport (FALLOPIAN TUBES) egg cells and secrete female hormones (ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE). The system includes the UTERUS, where the embryo and fetus grow.

Front 244

FEMUR (FE-mer): 

Back 244

bone in thigh

Front 245

FETUS (FE-tus):

Back 245

unborn infant in the uterus after the second month of pregnancy.

Front 246

FIBRILLATION (fih-brih-LA-shun):

Back 246

rapid, irregular, involuntary muscular contraction. Atrial and ventricular fibrillation are cardiac (heart) ARRHYTHMIAS.

Front 247

FIBROIDS (Fl-broydz):

Back 247

benign growth of muscle tissue in the uterus.

Front 248

FIBULA (FIB-u-lah):

Back 248

smaller lower leg bone.

Front 249

FIXATION (fik-SA-shun):

Back 249

the act of holding, sewing, or fastening a part in a fixed position.

Front 250

FLUTTER (FLUT-er):

Back 250

rapid, but regular abnormal heart muscle contraction. Atrial and ventricular flutters are heart ARRHYTHMIAS.

Front 251

FRACTURE (FRAK-tur

Back 251

breaking of a bone.

Front 252

FRONTAL (FRUN-tal):

Back 252

pertaining to the front; anterior.

Front 253

FRONTAL PLANE (FRUN-tal plan):

Back 253

an imaginary line that divides an organ or the body into a front and back portion; coronal plane.

Front 254

GALLBLADDER (GAIL-bla-der):

Back 254

sac below the liver; stores bile and delivers it to the small intestine.

Front 255

GANGLION (GANG-le-on):

Back 255

benign cyst near a joint (wrist); also, a group of nerve cells; pl. ganglia (GANG-le-ah).

Front 256

GASTRALGIA (gas-TRAL-jah):

Back 256

stomach pain.

Front 257

GASTRECTOMY (gas-TREK-to-me):

Back 257

excision (removal) of the stomach.

Front 258

GASTRIC (GAS-trik):

Back 258

pertaining to the stomach.

Front 259

GASTRITIS (gas-TRI-tis):

Back 259

inflammation of the stomach.

Front 260

GASTROENTERITIS (gas-tro-en-teh-RI-tis):

Back 260

inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

Front 261

GASTROENTEROLOGIST (gas-tro-en-ter-OL-o-jist):

Back 261

specialist in the treatment of stomach and intestinal disorders

Front 262

GASTROENTEROLOGY (gas-tro-en-ter-OL-o-je):

Back 262

study of the stomach and intestines.

Front 263

GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY (gas-tro-jeh-ju-NOS-to-me):

Back 263

new surgical opening between the stomach and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine).

Front 264

GASTROSCOPE (GAS-tro-skop):

Back 264

instrument to view the stomach. It is passed down the throat and esophagus into the stomach

Front 265

GASTROSCOPY (gas-TROS-ko-pe):

Back 265

visual examination of the stomach.

Front 266

GASTROTOMY (gas-TROT-o-me):

Back 266

incision of the stomach.

Front 267

GERIATRICIAN (jer-e-ah-TRISH-an):

Back 267

specialist in the treatment of diseases of old age.

Front 268

GERIATRICS (jer-e-AH-triks):

Back 268

treatment of disorders of old age.

Front 269

GLAND:

Back 269

a group of cells that secrete chemicals to the outside of the body (EXOCRINE GLANDS) or directly into the bloodstream (ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Front 270

GLAUCOMA (glaw-KO-mah):

Back 270

increase of fluid pressure within the eye; fluid is formed more rapidly than it is removed. The increased pressure damages sensitive cells in the back of the eye and vision is disturbed.

Front 271

GLIOBLASTOMA (gli-o-blas-TO-mah):

Back 271

a malignant brain tumor composed of immature (-BLAST) neuroglial (supportive nervous tissue) cells.

Front 272

GLYCOSURIA (gli-ko-SU-re-ah):

Back 272

abnormal condition of sugar in the urine.

Front 273

GOITER (GOY-ter):

Back 273

enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Front 274

GOUTY ARTHRITIS (gowti arth-RI-tis):

Back 274

deposits of uric acid crystals in joints and other tissues causing swelling and inflammation of joints. Also called gout.

Front 275

GRAVES' DISEASE (gravs dih-ZEZ):

Back 275

see HYPERTHYROIDISM.

Front 276

GYNECOLOGIST (gi-neh-KOL-o-jist):

Back 276

specialist in medical and surgical treatment of female disorders.

Front 277

GYNECOLOGY (gi-neh-KOL-o-je):

Back 277

study of female disorders.

Front 278

HAIR FOLLICLE (hahr FOL-ih-kl):

Back 278

a pouch-like depression in the skin in which a hair develops.

Front 279

HAIR ROOT (hahr root):

Back 279

part of the hair from which growth occurs.

Front 280

HEART (hart):

Back 280

hollow, muscular organ in the chest; pumps blood throughout the body.

Front 281

HEMATEMESIS (he-mah-TEM-eh-sis):

Back 281

vomiting (-EMESIS) blood (HEMAT/0) from stomach.

Front 282

HEMATOLOGIST (he-mah-TOL-o-jist):

Back 282

specialist in blood and blood disorders.

Front 283

HEMATOMA (he-mah-TO-mah):

Back 283

mass or collection of blood under the skin; commonly called a bruise or black-and-blue mark.

Front 284

HEMATURIA (he-mah-TUR-e-ah):

Back 284

abnormal condition of blood in the urine.

Front 285

HEMIPLEGIA (hem-ih-PLE-jah):

Back 285

paralysis of one side of the body.

Front 286

HEMODIALYSIS (he-mo-di-AL-ih-sis):

Back 286

use of a kidney machine to filter blood to remove waste materials, such as urea. Blood leaves the body, enters the machine, and is carried back to the body through a catheter (tube).

Front 287

HEMOGLOBIN (HE-mo-glo-bin):

Back 287

oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells.

Front 288

HEMOPTYSIS (he-MOP-tih-sis):

Back 288

spitting up (-PTYSIS) blood (HEMO) from lungs.

Front 289

HEMORRHAGE (HEM-or-ij):

Back 289

bursting forth of blood.

Front 290

HEMOTHORAX (he-mo-THOR-aks):

Back 290

collection of blood in the chest (pleural cavity).

Front 291

HEPATIC (heh-PAT-ik):

Back 291

pertaining to the liver.

Front 292

HEPATITIS (hep-ah-TI-tis):

Back 292

inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis is an acute infectious disease caused by at least three different viruses: hepatitis A, B, and C viruses.

Front 293

HEPATOMA (hep-ah-TO-mah):

Back 293

tumor (malignant) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma.

Front 294

HEPATOMEGALY (hep-ah-to-MEG-ah-le):

Back 294

enlargement of the liver.

Front 295

HERNIA (HER-ne-ah):

Back 295

bulge or protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall that usually contains it. In an INGUINAL hernia, part of the wall of the abdomen weakens and the intestine bulges out or into the SCROTAL sac (in males).

Front 296

HIATAL HERNIA (hi-A-tal HER-ne-ah):

Back 296

upward protrusion of the stomach into the lower part of the esophagus.

Front 297

HIV:

Back 297

HIV: see HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Front 298

HODGKIN'S DISEASE (HOJ-kin di-ZEZ):

Back 298

malignant tumor of lymph nodes

Front 299

HORMONE (HOR-mon):

Back 299

chemical made by a gland and sent directly into the bloodstream, not to the outside of the body. ENDOCRINE GLANDS produce hormones.

Front 300

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (U-man im-u-no-deh-FISH-en-se VIrus):

Back 300

infects white blood cells (T cell lymphocytes) causing damage to the patient's immune system. HIV is the cause of AIDS.

Front 301

HUMERUS (HU-mer-us):

Back 301

upper arm bone.

Front 302

HYDROCELE (HI-dro-sel):

Back 302

swelling of the SCROTUM caused by a collection of fluid within the outermost covering of the TESTIS

Front 303

HYPERGLYCEMIA (hi-per-gli-SE-me-ah):

Back 303

higher than normal levels of sugar in the blood.

Front 304

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM (hi-per-par-ah-THI-royd-ism):

Back 304

higher than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood.

Front 305

HYPERTENSION (hi-per-TEN-shun):

Back 305

high blood pressure. Essential hypertension has no known cause, but contributing factors are age, obesity, smoking, and heredity. Secondary hypertension is a symptom of other disorders such as kidney disease.

Front 306

HYPERTHYROIDISM (hi-per-THI-royd-izm):

Back 306

excessive activity of the thyroid gland, excessive secretion of thyroid hormone.

Front 307

HYPERTROPHY (hi-PER-tro-fe):

Back 307

enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to an increase in size of individual cells.

Front 308

HYPODERMIC (hi-po-DER-mik):

Back 308

pertaining to under or below the skin.

Front 309

HYPOGLYCEMIA (hi-po-gli-SE-me-ah):

Back 309

lower than normal blood sugar levels.

Front 310

HYPOPHYSEAL (hi-po-FIZ-e-al):

Back 310

pertaining to the pituitary gland.

Front 311

HYPOPITUITARISM (hi-po-pi-TU-ih-tah-rizm):

Back 311

decrease or stoppage of hormonal secretion by the pituitary gland.

Front 312

HYPOTENSIVE (hi-po-TEN-siv):

Back 312

pertaining to low blood pressure or to a person with abnormally low blood pressure.

Front 313

HYPOTHYROIDISM (hi-po-THI-royd-izm):

Back 313

lower than normal activity of the thyroid glan, inadequate secretion of thyroid hormone.

Front 314

HYSTERECTOMY (his-teh-REK-to-me):

Back 314

excision of the uterus, either through the abdominal wall (abdominal hysterectomy) or through the vagina (vaginal hysterectomy).

Front 315

IATROGENIC (i-ah-tro-JEN-ik):

Back 315

any adverse condition induced as a result of medical treatment.

Front 316

ILEOSTOMY (il-e-OS-to-me):

Back 316

artificial opening of the ileum (third part of the small intestine) to the outside of the body

Front 317

ILEUM (IL-e-um):

Back 317

third part of the small intestine

Front 318

ILIUM (IL-e-um):

Back 318

side, high portion of the hipbone (pelvis).

Front 319

INCISION (in-SIZH-un):

Back 319

cutting into the body or into an organ

Front 320

INFARCTION (in-FARK-shun):

Back 320

area of dead tissue caused by decreased blood flow to that part of the body

Front 321

INFECTIOUS DISEASE SPECIALIST (in-FEK-shus dih-ZEZ SPESH-ah-list):

Back 321

physician who treats disorders caused and spread by microorganisms such as bacteria.

Front 322

INFILTRATE (IN-fil-trat):

Back 322

material that accumulates in an organ; often describes solid material and fluid collection in the lungs.

Front 323

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (in-FIAM-ah-to-re BOW-el di-ZEZ):

Back 323

disorder of the small and large intestines marked by bouts of diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever; includes CROHN'S DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Front 324

INGUINAL (ING-gwi-nal):

Back 324

pertaining to the groin area.

Front 325

INSULIN (IN-su-lin):

Back 325

hormone produced by the pancreas and released into the bloodstream

Front 326

INTERNAL MEDICINE (in-TER-nal MED-ih-sin):

Back 326

branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis of disorders and treatment with drugs.

Front 327

INTERVERTEBRAL (in-ter-VER-teh-bral):

Back 327

pertaining to lying between two backbones. A disk (disc) is an intervertebral structure

Front 328

INTRA-ABDOMINAL (in-trah-ab-DOM-ih-nal):

Back 328

pertaining to within the abdomen.

Front 329

INTRAUTERINE (in-trah-U-ter-in):

Back 329

pertaining to within the uterus.

Front 330

INTRAVENOUS (in-trah-VE-nus):

Back 330

pertaining to within a vein.

Front 331

INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM (in-trah-VEN-nus PI-eh-lo-gram):

Back 331

x-ray record of the kidney (PYEL/O means renal pelvis) after contrast is injected into a vein.

Front 332

IRIS (I-ris):

Back 332

colored (pigmented) portion of the eye.

Front 333

ISCHEMIA (is-KE-me-ah):

Back 333

deficient blood flow to a part of the body, caused by narrowing or obstruction of blood vessels.

Front 334

JEJUNUM (jeh-JE-num):

Back 334

second part of the small intestine.

Front 335

JOINT (joynt):

Back 335

space where two or more bones come together (articulate).

Front 336

KIDNEY (KID-ne):

Back 336

one of two organs behind the abdomen that produces urine by filtering wastes from the blood.

Front 337

LAPAROSCOPY (lap-ah-ROS-ko-pe):

Back 337

visual examination of the abdominal cavity. A small incision is made near the navel, and an instrument is inserted to view abdominal organs

Front 338

LAPAROTOMY (lap-ah-ROT-o-me):

Back 338

incision into the abdomen. A surgeon makes an incision into the abdominal cavity to examine and operate on its organs.

Front 339

LARGE INTESTINE (larj-in-TES-tin):

Back 339

part of the intestine that receives undigested material from the small intestine and transports out of the body; COLON.

Front 340

LARYNGEAL (lah-rin-JE-al):

Back 340

pertaining to the larynx (voice box).

Front 341

LARYNGECTOMY (lah-rin-JEK-to-me):

Back 341

removal of the larynx (voice box).

Front 342

LARYNGITIS (lah-rin-JI-tis):

Back 342

inflammation of the larynx

Front 343

LARYNGOTRACHEITIS (lah-ring-o-tra-ke-l-tis):

Back 343

inflammation of the larynx and the trachea (windpipe).

Front 344

LARYNX (LAR-inks):

Back 344

voice box; located at the top of the trachea and containing vocal cords.

Front 345

LATERAL (IAT-er-al):

Back 345

pertaining to the side.

Front 346

LEIOMYOMA (li-o-mi-O-mah):

Back 346

a benign tumor derived from smooth (involuntary) muscle and most often of the uterus (leiomyoma uteri).

Front 347

LENS (lenz):

Back 347

structure behind the pupil of the eye; bends light rays so that they are properly focused on the RETINA at the back of the eye.

Front 348

LESION (LE-zhun):

Back 348

any damage to a part of the body, caused by disease or trauma

Front 349

LEUKEMIA (lu-KE-me-ah):

Back 349

excess numbers of malignant white blood cells in blood and bone marrow.

Front 350

LIGAMENT (LIG-ah-ment):

Back 350

connective tissue that joins bones to other bones.

Front 351

LIGAMENTOUS (lig-ah-MEN-tus):

Back 351

pertaining to a LIGAMENT

Front 352

LITHOTRIPSY (lith-o-TRIP-se):

Back 352

process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract using ultrasonic vibrations.

Front 353

LIVER (LIV-er):

Back 353

organ in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen; produces BILE, stores sugar, and produces blood clotting proteins.

Front 354

LOBE (lob):

Back 354

part of an organ, especially of the brain, lungs, or glands.

Front 355

LUMBAR (LUM-bar):

Back 355

pertaining to the loins; part of the back and sides between the chest and the hip.

Front 356

LUMBAR REGION (LUM-bar RE-jin):

Back 356

pertaining to the backbones that lie between the thoracic (chest) and sacral (lower back) vertebrae.

Front 357

LUMBAR VERTEBRA (LUM-bar VER-teh-brah):

Back 357

a backbone in the region between the chest and lower back.

Front 358

LUNG (lung):

Back 358

one of two paired organs in the chest through which oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leaves the body.

Front 359

LUNG CAPILLARIES (lung KAP-ih-lar-ez):

Back 359

tiny blood vessels surrounding lung tissue and through which gases pass into and out of the bloodstream.

Front 360

LYMPH (limf):

Back 360

clear fluid that is found in lymph vessels and produced from fluid surrounding cells. Lymph contains white blood cells (lymphocytes) that fight disease.

Front 361

LYMPHADENECTOMY (limf-ah-deh-NEK-to-me):

Back 361

removal of LYMPH NODES.

Front 362

LYMPH NODE (limf nod):

Back 362

stationary collection of lymph cells; found all over the body.

Front 363

LYMPHADENOPATHY (lim-fad-eh-NOP-ah-the):

Back 363

disease of lymph nodes (glands).

Front 364

LYMPHANGIOGRAM (lim-FAN-je-o-gram):

Back 364

x-ray record of lymph vessels after contrast is injected into soft tissue of the foot.

Front 365

LYMPHATIC VESSELS (lim-FAT-ik VES-elz):

Back 365

tubes that carry lymph from tissues to the bloodstream (into a vein in the neck region); lymph vessels.

Front 366

LYMPHOCYTE (LIMF-o-sit):

Back 366

white blood cell that is found within lymph and lymph nodes. T cells and B cells are types of lymphocytes.

Front 367

LYMPHOPOIESIS (limf-o-POY-e-sis):

Back 367

formation of lymph.

Front 368

JAUNDICE (JAWN-dis):

Back 368

yellow discoloration of the skin and other tissues. A symptom caused by accumulation of BILIRUBIN (pigment) in the blood.

Front 369

MAMMOGRAM (MAM-o-gram):

Back 369

x-ray record of the breast.

Front 370

MAMMOGRAPHY (mam-OG-rah-fe):

Back 370

process of x-ray recording of the breast.

Front 371

MAMMOPLASTY (MAM-o-plas-te):

Back 371

surgical repair (reconstruction) of the breast.

Front 372

MASTECTOMY (mas-TEK-to-me):

Back 372

removal (excision) of the breast.

Front 373

MEDIASTINAL (me-de-ah-STI-nal):

Back 373

pertaining to the MEDIASTINUM.

Front 374

MEDIASTINUM (me-de-ah-STI-num):

Back 374

space between the lungs in the chest; contains the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, and lymph nodes

Front 375

MEDULLARY (MEH-DU-Iar-e):

Back 375

pertaining to the inner, or soft part of an organ.

Front 376

MEDULLA OBLONGATA (meh-DUL-ah ob-lon-GA-tah):

Back 376

lower part of the brain near the spinal cord; controls breathing and heartbeat.

Front 377

MELANOMA (meh-lah-NO-mah):

Back 377

malignant tumor arising from pigmented cells (melanocytes) in the skin; usually developing from a NEVUS (mole).

Front 378

MENINGITIS (men-in-JI-tis):

Back 378

inflammation of the meninges (membranes around the brain and spinal cord).

Front 379

MENORRHAGIA (men-o-RA-je-ah):

Back 379

excessive bleeding from the uterus during the time of MENSTRUATION.

Front 380

MENORRHEA (men-o-RE-ah):

Back 380

normal discharge of blood and tissue from the uterine lining during MENSTRUATION

Front 381

MENSES (MEN-sez):

Back 381

menstruation; menstrual period.

Front 382

MENSTRUATION (men-stru-A-shun):

Back 382

breakdown of the lining of the uterus that occurs every four weeks during the active reproductive cycle of a female.

Front 383

METACARPALS (met-ah-KAR-palz):

Back 383

bones of the hand between the wrist bones (carpals) and the finger bones (phalanges)

Front 384

METASTASIS (meh-TAS-tah-sis):

Back 384

spread of a cancerous tumor to a distant organ or location; literally means change (META-) of place (-STASIS).

Front 385

METATARSALS (meh-tah-TAR-sels):

Back 385

foot bones.

Front 386

MIGRAINE (MI-gran):

Back 386

attack of headache; usually on one side of the head, caused by changes in blood vessel size and accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light (photophobia). From the French word migraine, meaning "severe head pain."

Front 387

MOUTH (mowth):

Back 387

the opening that forms the beginning of the digestive system.

Front 388

MONOCYTE (MON-o-sit):

Back 388

white blood cell with one large nucleus

Front 389

MONONUCLEOSIS (mon-o-nu-kle-O-sis):

Back 389

an acute infectious disease with excess MONOCYTES in the blood. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and transmitted by direct oral (mouth) contact.

Front 390

MRI:

Back 390

see MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

Front 391

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MUL-tih-pul skleh-RO-sis):

Back 391

chronic neurological disease in which there are patches of loss of MYELIN SHEATH (covering neurons) throughout the brain and spinal cord. Weakness, abnormal sensations, incoordination, and speech and visual disturbances are symptoms.

Front 392

MUSCLE (MUS-el):

Back 392

connective tissue that contracts to make movement possible.

Front 393

MUSCULAR (MUS-ku-lar):

Back 393

pertaining to muscles.

Front 394

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (MUS-ku-lar DIS-tro-fe):

Back 394

group of degenerative muscle diseases that cause crippling because muscles are gradually weakened with eventual ATROPHY (shrink).

Front 395

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (mus-ku-lo-SKEL-e-tal SYS-tem):

Back 395

organs that support the body and allow it to move; muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues.

Front 396

MYALGIA (mi-AL-jah):

Back 396

pain in a muscle or muscles.

Front 397

MYELIN SHEATH (MI-eh-lin sheat):

Back 397

fatty covering around part (axon) of some nerve fibers. It insulates and speeds the conduction of nerve impulses.

Front 398

MYELODYSPLASIA. (mi-eh-lo-dis-PILA-ze-ah):

Back 398

abnormal development of bone marrow; a premalignant condition leading to leukemia.

Front 399

MYELOGRAM (MI-eh-lo-gram):

Back 399

x-ray record of the spinal cord after contrast is injected within the membranes surrounding the spinal cord in the lumbar area of the back.

Front 400

MYELOGRAPHY (mi-eh-LOG-ra-fe):

Back 400

process of recording the spinal cord after injection of contrast material.

Front 401

MYOCARDIAL (mi-o-KAR-de-al):

Back 401

pertaining to the muscle of the heart.

Front 402

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (mi-o-KAR-de-al in-FARK-shun):

Back 402

area of dead tissue in heart muscle; also known as a heart attack or an MI.

Front 403

MYOMA (mi-O-mah):

Back 403

tumor (benign) of muscle.

Front 404

OSTEOMA (os-te-O-mah):

Back 404

tumor (benign) of bone.

Front 405

MYOSARCOMA (mi-o-sar-KO-mah):

Back 405

tumor (malignant) of muscle. SARC- means "flesh," indicating that the tumor is of connective or "fleshy" tissue origin.

Front 406

MYOSITIS (mi-o-SI-tis):

Back 406

inflammation of a muscle.

Front 407

MYRINGOTOMY (mir-in-GOT-o-me):

Back 407

incision of the eardrum.

Front 408

MAMMARY (MAM-er-e):

Back 408

pertaining to the breast.

Front 409

MALIGNANT (mah-LIG-nant):

Back 409

to become progressively worse; describes cancerous tumors that invade and spread to distant organs.

Front 410

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (mal re-pro-DUK-tiv SIS-tem):

Back 410

organs that produce sperm cells and male hormones.

Front 411

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (mag-NET-ik REZ-o-nans IM-aj-ing):

Back 411

image of the body using magnetic and radio waves. Organs are seen in three planes: frontal (front to back), sagittal (side to side), and transverse (cross-section). Called MRI

Front 412

NASAL (NA-zel):

Back 412

pertaining to the nose.

Front 413

NAUSEA (NAW-se-ah):

Back 413

an unpleasant sensation in the upper abdomen, often leading to vomiting. The term comes from the Greek nausia, meaning "sea sickness

Front 414

NECROSIS (neh-KRO-sis):

Back 414

death of cells.

Front 415

NECROTIC (neh-KRO-tik):

Back 415

pertaining to death of cells.

Front 416

NEONATAL (ne-o-NA-tal):

Back 416

pertaining to new birth; the period of first four weeks after birth.

Front 417

NEOPLASM (NE-o-plazm):

Back 417

any new growth of tissue; a tumor.

Front 418

NEOPLASTIC (ne-o-PILAS-tik):

Back 418

pertaining to a new growth or NEOPLASM.

Front 419

NEPHRECTOMY (neh-FREK-to-me):

Back 419

removal (excision) of a kidney.

Front 420

NEPHRITIS (neh-FRI-tis):

Back 420

inflammation of the kidneys.

Front 421

NEPHROLITHIASIS (neh-fro-lih-THI-ah-sis):

Back 421

condition of kidney stones.

Front 422

NEPHROLOGIST (neh-FROL-o-jist):

Back 422

specialist in diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases.

Front 423

NEPHROLOGY (neh-FROL-o-je):

Back 423

study of the kidney and its diseases.

Front 424

NEPHROPATHY (neh-FROP-ah-the):

Back 424

disease of the kidney

Front 425

NEPHROSIS (neh-FRO-sis):

Back 425

abnormal condition of the kidney. This condition is often associated with a deterioration of kidney tubules.

Front 426

NEPHROSTOMY (neh-FROS-to-me):

Back 426

opening from the kidney to the outside of the body.

Front 427

NERVOUS SYSTEM (NER-vus SIS-tem):

Back 427

organs (brain, spinal cord, and nerves) that transmit electrical messages throughout the body.

Front 428

NEURAL (NU-ral):

Back 428

pertaining to nerves.

Front 429

NEURALGIA (nu-RAL-jah):

Back 429

nerve pain.

Front 430

NEURITIS (nu-RI-tis):

Back 430

inflammation of a nerve.

Front 431

NEUROGLIAL CELLS (nu-ro-GLE-al selz):

Back 431

supporting structure of nervous tissue in the central nervous system, such as the brain. Examples are astrocytes, microglial, and oligodendroglial cells. These cells are often the source of brain tumors.

Front 432

NEUROLOGIST (nu-ROL-o-jist):

Back 432

specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of nervous disorders.

Front 433

NEUROLOGY (nu-ROL-o-je):

Back 433

study of the nervous system and nerve disorders.

Front 434

NEUROPATHY (nu-ROP-ah-the):

Back 434

disease of nervous tissue.

Front 435

NEUROSURGEON (nu-ro-SUR-jin):

Back 435

physician who operates on the organs of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and nerves).

Front 436

NEUROTOMY (nu-ROT-o-me):

Back 436

incision of a nerve.

Front 437

NEVUS (NE-vus):

Back 437

pigmented lesion on the skin; a mole.

Front 438

NOCTURIA (nok-TU-re-ah):

Back 438

excessive urination at night.

Front 439

NOSE (noz):

Back 439

structure that is the organ of smell and permits air to enter and leave the body.

Front 440

NOSOCOMIAL (nos-o-KO-me-al):

Back 440

pertaining to or originating in a hospital. A nosocomial infection is acquired during hospitalization.

Front 441

OBSTETRICS (ob-STEH-TRIKS):

Back 441

pertaining to pregnancy, labor, and delivery of an infant.

Front 442

OBSTETRICIAN (ob-steh-TRISH-un):

Back 442

specialist in the delivery of a baby and care of the mother during pregnancy and labor.

Front 443

OCULAR (OK-u-lar):

Back 443

pertaining to the eye.

Front 444

ONCOGENIC (ong-ko-JEN-ik):

Back 444

pertaining to producing (GEN) tumors.

Front 445

ONCOLOGIST (ong-KOL-o-jist):

Back 445

physician specializing in the study and treatment of tumors.

Front 446

ONCOLOGY (ong-KOL-o-je):

Back 446

study of tumors.

Front 447

OOPHORECTOMY (o-of-o-REK-to me):

Back 447

removal (excision) of an ovary or ovaries

Front 448

OOPHORITIS (o-of-o-RI-tis):

Back 448

inflammation of an ovary.

Front 449

OPHTHALMOLOGIST (of-thal-MOL-o-jist):

Back 449

specialist in the study of the eye and treatment of eye disorders.

Front 450

OPHTHALMOLOGY (of-thal-MOL-o-je):

Back 450

study of the eye; diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.

Front 451

OPTIC NERVE (OP-tik nerv):

Back 451

nerve in the back of the eye that transmits light waves to the brain.

Front 452

OPTICIAN (op-TISH-an):

Back 452

nonmedical specialist in providing eyeglasses by filling prescriptions.

Front 453

OPTOMETRIST (op-TOM-eh-trist):

Back 453

nonmedical specialist trained to examine and test eyes and prescribe corrective lenses.

Front 454

ORAL (OR-al):

Back 454

pertaining to the mouth.

Front 455

ORCHIDECTOMY (or-kih-DEK-to-me):

Back 455

removal (excision) of a testicle or testicles.

Front 456

ORCHIECTOMY (or-ke-EK-to-me):

Back 456

removal (excision) of a testicle or testicles.

Front 457

ORCHIOPEXY (or-ke-o-PEK-se):

Back 457

surgical fixation of the testicle (testis) into its proper location within the scrotum. This surgery corrects CRYPTORCHISM.

Front 458

ORCHITIS (or-KI-tis):

Back 458

inflammation of a testicle.

Front 459

ORGAN (OR-gan):

Back 459

an independent part of the body, composed of different tissues working together to do a specific job.

Front 460

ORTHOPEDIST (or-tho-PE-dist):

Back 460

specialist in medical and surgical correction of musculoskeletal disorders. This physician was originally concerned with straightening (ORTH/0) bones in the legs of deformed children (PED/0).

Front 461

OSTEITIS (os-te-I-tis):

Back 461

inflammation of a bone.

Front 462

OSTEOARTHRITIS (os-te-o-ar-THRI-tis):

Back 462

inflammation of bones and joints. This is a disease of older people, marked by stiffness, pain, and degeneration of joints.

Front 463

OSTEOMYELITIS (os-te-o-mi-eh-LI-tis):

Back 463

inflammation of bone and bone marrow. This condition is caused by a bacterial infection.

Front 464

OSTEOPOROSIS (os-te-o-po-RO-sis):

Back 464

decrease in bone mass with formation of pores or spaces in normally mineralized bone tissue.

Front 465

OTALGIA (o-TAL-jah):

Back 465

pain in an ear.

Front 466

OTITIS (o-TI-tis):

Back 466

inflammation of an ear.

Front 467

OTOLARYNGOLOGIST (o-to-lah-rin-GOL-o-jist):

Back 467

specialist in treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.

Front 468

OVARIAN (o-VAR-e-an):

Back 468

pertaining to an OVARY or ovaries.

Front 469

OVARIAN CANCER (o-VAR-e-an KAN-ser):

Back 469

malignant condition of the ovaries.

Front 470

OVARIAN CYST (o-VAR-e-an sist):

Back 470

a sac containing fluid or semi-solid material in or on the ovary.

Front 471

OVARY (0-vah-re):

Back 471

one of two organs in the female abdomen that produces egg cells and female hormones.

Front 472

OVUM (O-vum):

Back 472

an egg cell; pl. ova (o-VAH).

Front 473

OXYGEN (OK-si-jen):

Back 473

a colorless, odorless gas that is essential to sustaining life.

Front 474

PANCREAS (PAN-kre-us):

Back 474

gland that produces digestive juices (exocrine function), and the hormone INSULIN (endocrine function).

Front 475

PANCREATECTOMY (pan-kre-ah-TEK-to-me):

Back 475

removal of the pancreas.

Front 476

PANCREATITIS (pan-kre-ah-TI-tis):

Back 476

inflammation of the pancreas.

Front 477

PARALYSIS (pah-RAL-ih-sis):

Back 477

loss or impairment of movement in a part of the body.

Front 478

PARAPLEGIA (par-ah-PLE-jah):

Back 478

impairment or loss of movement in the lower part of the body, primarily the legs and in some cases bowel and bladder function.

Front 479

PARATHYROID GLANDS (par-ah-THI-royd glanz):

Back 479

four endocrine glands behind the thyroid gland. These glands maintain the proper levels of calcium in the blood and bones.

Front 480

PATELLA (pah-TEL-ah):

Back 480

kneecap.

Front 481

PATHOLOGIST (pah-THOL-o-jist):

Back 481

specialist in the study of disease, by microscopic examination of tissues and cells and autopsy examination.

Front 482

PATHOLOGY (pah-THOL-o-je):

Back 482

study of disease

Front 483

PEDIATRICIAN (pe-de-ah-TRISH-un):

Back 483

specialist in treatment of childhood diseases.

Front 484

PEDIATRICS (pe-de-AT-riks):

Back 484

branch of medicine specializing in treatment of children.

Front 485

PELVIC (PEL-vik):

Back 485

pertaining to the hipbone (pelvis) or the region of the hip.

Front 486

PELVIC CAVITY (PEL-vik KAV-ih-te):

Back 486

space contained within the hipbone (front and sides) and the lower part of the backbone (sacrum. and coccyx).

Front 487

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PEL-vik in-FLAM-ah-to-re di-ZEZ):

Back 487

inflammation in the pelvic region.

Front 488

PELVIS (PEL-vis):

Back 488

hip bone. The pelvis is composed of the ilium (upper portion), ischium (lower portion), and the pubis (front portion).

Front 489

PENICILLIN (pen-in-SIL-in):

Back 489

substance, derived from certain molds that can destroy bacteria; an ANTIBIOTIC.

Front 490

PENIS (PE-nis):

Back 490

external male organ containing the urethra, through which both urine and semen (sperm cells and fluid) leave the body.

Front 491

PEPTIC ULCER (PEP-tik UL-ser):

Back 491

sore (lesion) of the mucous membrane lining the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) or lining the stomach.

Front 492

PERCUTANEOUS (per-ku-TAN-e-us):

Back 492

pertaining to through the skin.

Front 493

PERIANAL (per-e-A-nal):

Back 493

pertaining to surrounding the ANUS.

Front 494

PERIOSTEUM (per-e-OS-te-um):

Back 494

membrane that surrounds bone.

Front 495

PERITONEAL (per-ih-to-NE-al):

Back 495

pertaining to the PERITONEUM.

Front 496

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS (per-i-to-NE-al di-AL-ih-sis):

Back 496

process of removing wastes from the blood by introducing a special fluid into the abdomen. The wastes pass into the fluid from the bloodstream, and then the fluid is drained from the body.

Front 497

PERITONEUM (per-ih-to-NE-um):

Back 497

membrane that surrounds the abdomen and holds the abdominal organs in place.

Front 498

SUBSCAPULAR (sub-SKAP-u-lar):

Back 498

pertaining to under the shoulder bone.

Front 499

PROTEINURIA (pro-en-U-re-ah):

Back 499

abnormal condition of protein in the urine (albuminuria).

Front 500

PSYCHIATRIST (si-KI-ah-trist):

Back 500

specialist in treatment of the mind and mental disorders.

Front 501

PSYCHIATRY (si-KI-ah-tre):

Back 501

treatment (IATR/0) of disorders of the mind (PSYCH/0).

Front 502

PSYCHOLOGY (si-KOL-o-je):

Back 502

study of the mind; especially in relation to human behavior.

Front 503

PSYCHOSIS (si-KO-sis):

Back 503

abnormal condition of the mind; serious mental disorder that involves loss of normal perception of reality; pl. psychoses (si-KO-sez).

Front 504

PULMONARY (PUL-mo-ner-e):

Back 504

pertaining to the lungs.

Front 505

PULMONARY CIRCULATION (PUL-mo-ner-e ser-ku-ILA-shun):

Back 505

passage of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

Front 506

PULMONARY EDEMA (PUL-mo-ner-e eh-DE-mah):

Back 506

abnormal collection of fluid in the lung (within the air sacs of the lung).

Front 507

PULMONARY SPECIALIST (PUL-mo-ner-e SPESH-ah-list):

Back 507

physician trained to treat lung disorders.

Front 508

PUPIL (PU-pil):

Back 508

black center of the eye through which light enters.

Front 509

PYELITIS (pi-eh-LI-tis):

Back 509

inflammation of the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney).

Front 510

RADIATION ONCOLOGIST (ra-de-A-shun ong-KOL-o-jist):

Back 510

physician trained in treatment of disease (cancer) using high-energy x-rays or other particles.

Front 511

RADIOLOGIST (ra-de-OL-o-jist):

Back 511

physician trained in the use of x-rays to diagnose illness; also includes ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

Front 512

RADIOLOGY (ra-de-OL-o-je):

Back 512

science of using x-rays in the diagnosis of disease.

Front 513

RADIOTHERAPY (ra-de-o-THER-ah-pe):

Back 513

treatment of disease (cancer) using high-energy particles, such as x-rays and protons.

Front 514

RADIUS (RA-de-us):

Back 514

one of two lower arm bones; on the thumb side of the hand.

Front 515

RECTAL RESECTION (REK-tal re-SEK-shun):

Back 515

excision (resection) of the RECTUM.

Front 516

RECTOCELE (REK-to-sel):

Back 516

hernia (protrusion) of the rectum into the vagina.

Front 517

RECTUM (REK-tum):

Back 517

end of the colon; delivers wastes (feces) to the anus for elimination.

Front 518

RELAPSE (re-LAPS):

Back 518

return of disease after its apparent termination.

Front 519

REMISSION (re-MISH-un):

Back 519

lessening of symptoms of a disease.

Front 520

RENAL (RE-nal):

Back 520

pertaining to the kidney.

Front 521

RENAL FAILURE (RE-nal FAL-ur):

Back 521

kidneys no longer function.

Front 522

RENAL PELVIS (RE-nal PEL-vis):

Back 522

central section of the kidney, where urine collects.

Front 523

RESEARCH (RE-surch):

Back 523

laboratory investigation of a medical problem.

Front 524

RESECTION (re-SEK-shun):

Back 524

removal of an organ or a structure.

Front 525

RESIDENCY TRAINING (RES-i-den-se TRAY-ning):

Back 525

period of hospital work involving care of patients after completion of four years of medical school.

Front 526

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (RES-pir-ah-tor-e SIS-tem):

Back 526

organs that control breathing, allowing air to enter and leave the body.

Front 527

RETINA (RET-ih-nah):

Back 527

layer of sensitive cells at the back of the eye. Light is focused on the retina and then is transmitted to the optic nerve, which leads to the brain

Front 528

RETINOPATHY (reh-tih-NOP-ah-the):

Back 528

disease of the RETINA.

Front 529

RETROGASTRIC (reh-tro-GAS-trik):

Back 529

pertaining to behind the stomach

Front 530

RETROPERITONEAL (reh-tro-per-ih-to-NE-al):

Back 530

pertaining to behind the PERITONEUM.

Front 531

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (ROO-mah-toyd arth-RI-tis):

Back 531

chronic inflammatory disease of joints and connective tissue leading to deformed joints.

Front 532

RHEUMATOLOGIST (roo-mah-TOL-o-jist):

Back 532

specialist in treatment of diseases of connective tissues, especially joints. RHEUMAT/O comes from the Greek rheuma, meaning "that which flows, as a stream or a river." Inflammatory disorders of joints are often marked by a collection of fluid in joint spaces

Front 533

SUBTOTAL (sub-TO-tal):

Back 533

less than total; just under the total amount.

Front 534

SURGERY (SUR-jer-e):

Back 534

branch of medicine that treats disease by manual (hand) or operative methods.

Front 535

RHEUMATOLOGY (roo-mah-TOL-o-je):

Back 535

branch of medicine dealing with inflammation, degeneration, or chemical changes in connective tissues, such as joints and muscles. Pain, stiffness, or limitations of motion are often characteristics of rheumatologic disorders.

Front 536

RHINITIS (ri-NI-tis):

Back 536

inflammation of the nose.

Front 537

RHINOPLASTY (RI-no-plas-te):

Back 537

surgical repair of the nose.

Front 538

RHINORRHEA (ri-no-RE-ah):

Back 538

discharge from the nose.

Front 539

RHINOTOMY (ri-NOT-o-me):

Back 539

incision of the nose.

Front 540

RIB (rib):

Back 540

one of 12 paired bones surrounding the chest. Seven ribs (true ribs) attach directly to the breastbone, three (false ribs) attach to the seventh rib, and two (floating ribs) are not attached

Front 541

SACRAL (SA-kral):

Back 541

pertaining to the SACRUM.

Front 542

SACRAL REGION (SA-kral RE-jin):

Back 542

five fused bones in the lower back, below the lumbar bones and wedged between two parts of the hip (ilium).

Front 543

SACRUM (SA-krum):

Back 543

triangular bone in the lower back; below the lumbar bones and formed by five fused bones.

Front 544

SAGITTAL PLANE (SAJ-ih-tal plan):

Back 544

an imaginary line that divides an organ or the body into right and left portions.

Front 545

SAGITTAL SECTION (SAJ-ih-tal SEK-shun):

Back 545

a cut (section) through the body dividing it into a right and left portion.

Front 546

SALPINGECTOMY (sal-pin-JEK-to-me):

Back 546

removal of a fallopian (uterine) tube.

Front 547

SALPINGITIS (sal-pin-JI-tis):

Back 547

inflammation of a fallopian (uterine) tube.

Front 548

SARCOIDOSIS (sahr-koi-DO-sis):

Back 548

chronic, progressive, disorder of cells in connective tissue, spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs, and lymph nodes. Small collections of cells (granulomas) form in affected organs and tissues.

Front 549

SARCOMA (sar-KO-mah):

Back 549

cancerous (malignant) tumor of connective tissue, such as bone, muscle, fat, or cartilage.

Front 550

SCAPULA (SKAP-u-lah):

Back 550

shoulder bone.

Front 551

SCLERA (SKLE-rah):

Back 551

white, outer coat of the eyeball.

Front 552

SCROTAL (SKRO-tal):

Back 552

pertaining to the scrotum.

Front 553

SCROTUM (SKRO-tum):

Back 553

sac on the outside of the body that contains the testes.

Front 554

SEBACEOUS GLAND (seh-BA-shus gland):

Back 554

oil (sebum)-producing gland in the skin.

Front 555

SECTION (SEK-shun):

Back 555

an act of cutting; segment or subdivision of an organ.

Front 556

SEIZURE (SE-zhur):

Back 556

a convulsion (involuntary contraction of muscles) or attack of EPILEPSY. A seizure can also indicate sudden attack or recurrence of a disease.

Front 557

SELLA TURCICA (SEL-ah TUR-sih-ka):

Back 557

cup-like depression at the base of the skull; holds the pituitary gland.

Front 558

SEMEN (SE-men):

Back 558

fluid composed of sperm cells and secretions from the prostate gland and other male exocrine glands.

Front 559

SEMINOMA (sem-ih-NO-mah):

Back 559

malignant tumor of the testis.

Front 560

SENSE ORGANS (sens OR-ganz):

Back 560

parts of the body that receive messages from the environment and relay them to the brain so that we see, hear, and feel sensations. Examples of sense organs are the eye, ear, and skin.

Front 561

SEPTIC (SEP-tik):

Back 561

pertaining to infection.

Front 562

SEPTICEMIA (sep-tih-SE-me-ah):

Back 562

infection in the blood. Septicemia is commonly called blood poisoning and is associated with the presence of bacteria or their poisons in the blood.

Front 563

SHOCK (shok):

Back 563

group of symptoms (pale skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing) that indicate poor oxygen supply to tissue and insufficient return of blood to the heart.

Front 564

SIGMOID COLON (SIG-moyd KO-len):

Back 564

S-shaped lower portion of the colon.

Front 565

SKIN (skin):

Back 565

outer covering that protects the body.

Front 566

SKULL (skul):

Back 566

bone that surrounds the brain and other organs in the head.

Front 567

SMALL INTESTINE (smal in-TES-tin):

Back 567

organ that receives food from the stomach; it is divided into three sections -duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Front 568

SONOGRAM (SON-o-gram):

Back 568

record of sound waves after they bounce off organs in the body; an ULTRASOUND or echogram.

Front 569

SPERMATOZOON (sper-mah-to-ZO-on):

Back 569

a sperm cell; pl. spermatozoa (spermah-to-ZO-ah).

Front 570

SPINAL CAVITY (SPI-nal KAV-ih-te):

Back 570

space that contains the spinal cord and is surrounded by the backbones.

Front 571

SPINAL COLUMN (SPI-nal KOL-um):

Back 571

backbones; vertebrae.

Front 572

SPINAL CORD (SPI-nal kord):

Back 572

bundle of nerves that extends from the brain down the back; carries electrical messages to and from the brain.

Front 573

SPINAL NERVES (SPI-nal nervz):

Back 573

nerves that transmit messages to and from the spinal cord.

Front 574

SPLEEN (splen):

Back 574

organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen; stores blood cells and destroys red blood cells while producing white blood cells called LYMPHOCYTES.

Front 575

SPLENOMEGALY (splehn-o-MEG-ah-le):

Back 575

enlargement of the spleen.

Front 576

SPONDYLITIS (spon-dih-LI-tis):

Back 576

a chronic, serious inflammatory disorder of backbones involving erosion and collapse of vertebrae. See ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

Front 577

SPONDYLOSIS (spon-dih-LO-sis):

Back 577

abnormal condition of a vertebra or vertebrae.

Front 578

STERNUM (STER-num):

Back 578

breast bone.

Front 579

STOMACH (STUM-ak):

Back 579

organ that receives food from the esophagus and sends it to the small intestine. Enzymes in the stomach breakdown food particles during digestion.

Front 580

STOMATITIS (sto-mah-TI-fis):

Back 580

inflammation of the inside of the mouth.

Front 581

STROKE (strok):

Back 581

Trauma to or blockage of blood vessels within the brain, leading to less blood supply to brain tissue. This causes nerve cells in the brain to die and results in loss of function to the part of the body controlled by those nerve cells.

Front 582

SUBCOSTAL (sub-KOS-tal):

Back 582

pertaining to below the ribs.

Front 583

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE (sub-ku-TA-ne-us TIS-u):

Back 583

lower layer of the skin composed of fatty tissue.

Front 584

SUBDURAL HEMATOMA (sub-DUR-al he-mah-TO-mah):

Back 584

collection of blood under the dura mater (outermost layer of the membranes surrounding the brain).

Front 585

SUBGASTRIC (sub-GAS-trik):

Back 585

pertaining to below the stomach.

Front 586

SUBHEPATIC (sub-heh-PAT-ik):

Back 586

pertaining to under the liver.

Front 587

SWEAT GLAND (sweht gland):

Back 587

organ in the skin that produces a watery substance containing salts.

Front 588

SYNCOPE (SING-kah-pe):

Back 588

fainting; sudden loss of consciousness.

Front 589

SYNDROME (SIN-drom):

Back 589

set of symptoms and signs of disease that occur together to indicate a disease condition.

Front 590

SYSTEM (SIS-tem):

Back 590

group of organs working together to do a job in the body. For example, the digestive system includes the mouth, throat, stomach, and intestines, all of which help to bring food into the body, break it down, and deliver it to the bloodstream.

Front 591

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION (sis-TEM-ik ser-ku-IIA-shun):

Back 591

the passage of blood from the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the heart.

Front 592

TACHYCARDIA (tak-eh-KAR-de-ah):

Back 592

condition of fast, rapid heartbeat.

Front 593

TACHYPNEA (tak-ip-NE-ah):

Back 593

condition of rapid breathing.

Front 594

TENDON (TEN-don):

Back 594

connective tissue that joins muscles to bones.

Front 595

TENDINITIS (ten-dih-NI-tis):

Back 595

inflammation of a tendon.

Front 596

TENORRHAPHY (ten-OR-ah-fe):

Back 596

suture of a tendon.

Front 597

TESTICLE (TES-tih-kl):

Back 597

see TESTIS.

Front 598

TESTICULAR CARCINOMA (tes-TIK-u-lar kar-sih-NO-mah):

Back 598

malignant tumor originating in a testis. An example of a testicular carcinoma is a seminoma.

Front 599

TESTIS (TES-tis):

Back 599

one of two paired male sex organs in the scrotal sac. The testes (pl.) produce sperm cells and male hormone (testosterone); also called a testicle.

Front 600

THORACENTESIS (tho-rah-sen-TE-sis):

Back 600

surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid; thoracocentesis.

Front 601

THORACIC (tho-RA-ik):

Back 601

pertaining to the chest.

Front 602

THORACIC CAVITY (tho-RAS-ik KAV-ih-te):

Back 602

space above the abdomen, containing the heart, lungs, and other organs; the chest cavity.

Front 603

THORACIC REGION (tho-RAS-ik RE-jin):

Back 603

backbones attached to the ribs and located in the region of the chest, between the neck and the waist.

Front 604

THORACIC SURGEON (tho-HAS-ik SUR-jin):

Back 604

physician who operates on organs in the chest.

Front 605

THORACIC VERTEBRA (tho-RAS-ik VER-teh-bra):

Back 605

a backbone in the region of the chest.

Front 606

THORACOTOMY (tho-rah-KOT-o-me):

Back 606

incision of the chest.

Front 607

THROAT (throt):

Back 607

see PHARYNX

Front 608

THROMBOCYTE (THROM-bo-sit):

Back 608

clotting cell; a platelet.

Front 609

THROMBOSIS (throm-BO-sis):

Back 609

abnormal condition of clot formation.

Front 610

THROMBUS (THROM-bus):

Back 610

blood clot.

Front 611

THYMOMA (thi-MO-mah):

Back 611

tumor (malignant) of the thymus gland.

Front 612

THYMUS GLAND (THI-mus gland):

Back 612

endocrine gland in the middle of the chest that produces a hormone, thymosin. A much larger gland in children, the thymus aids the immune system by stimulating the production of white blood cells (lymphocytes).

Front 613

THYROADENITIS (thi-ro-ah-de-NI-tis):

Back 613

inflammation of the thyroid gland.

Front 614

THYROIDECTOMY (thi-roy-DEK-to-me):

Back 614

removal of the thyroid gland.

Front 615

THYROID GLAND (THI-royd gland):

Back 615

endocrine gland in the neck that produces hormones, acting on cells throughout the body. The hormones increase the activity of cells by stimulating metabolism and release of energy.

Front 616

THYROXINE (thi-ROK-sin):

Back 616

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; also known as T4,

Front 617

TIBIA (TIB-e-ah):

Back 617

larger of the two lower leg bones; shin bone.

Front 618

TINNITUS (TIN-ih-tus):

Back 618

a noise in the ears, such as ringing, roaring, or buzzing.

Front 619

TISSUE (TISH-u):

Back 619

groups of similar cells that work together to do a job in the body; muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and epithelial (skin) tissue.

Front 620

TISSUE CAPILLARIES (TISH-u KAP-ih-lar-ez):

Back 620

tiny blood vessels that lie near cells and through whose walls gasses, food, and waste materials pass.

Front 621

TOMOGRAPHY (to-MOG-rah-fe):

Back 621

series of x-ray pictures that show an organ in depth by producing images of single tissue planes.

Front 622

TONSILLECTOMY (ton-sih-LEK-to-me):

Back 622

removal (excision) of a tonsil or TONSILS.

Front 623

TONSILS (TON-silz):

Back 623

lymphatic tissue in the back of the mouth near the throat.

Front 624

TRACHEA (TRAY-ke-ah):

Back 624

tube that carries air from the throat to the BRONCHIAL TUBES; windpipe.

Front 625

TRACHEOSTOMY (tray-ke-OS-to-me):

Back 625

artificial opening of the trachea to the outside of the body.

Front 626

TRACHEOTOMY (tray-ke-OT-o-me):

Back 626

incision into the trachea.

Front 627

TRANSABDOMINAL (trans-ab-Dom-ih-nal):

Back 627

pertaining to across the abdomen.

Front 628

TRANSGASTRIC (trans-GAS-trik):

Back 628

pertaining to across the stomach.

Front 629

TRANSURETHRAL (tran-u-RE-thral):

Back 629

pertaining to across (through) the urethra. A TURP is a transurethral resection of the prostate by surgery through the urethra.

Front 630

TRANSVERSE PLANE (trans-VERS plan):

Back 630

imaginary line that divides an organ or the body into an upper and lower portion; a cross-sectional view.

Front 631

TUBERCULOSIS (too-ber-ku-LO-sis):

Back 631

an infectious, inflammatory disease that commonly affects the lungs, although it can occur in any part of the body. It is caused by the tubercle bacillus (type of bacteria).

Front 632

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE (tim-PAN-ik MEM-bran):

Back 632

see EARDRUM.

Front 633

TYMPANOPLASTY (tim-pan-o-PIAS-te):

Back 633

surgical repair of the eardrum.

Front 634

ULCER (UL-ser):

Back 634

erosion or defect in the surface of an organ. Ulcers are produced by destruction of tissue.

Front 635

ULCERATIVE COLITIS (ul-seh-RA-TIV ko-LI-tis):

Back 635

a recurrent disorder marked by ULCERS in the large bowel. Along with Crohn's disease, this is an INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE with no known etiology (cause).

Front 636

ULNA (UL-nah):

Back 636

one of two lower arm bones; on the little finger side of the hand.

Front 637

ULTRASONOGRAPHY (ul-tra-son-OG-rah-fe):

Back 637

recording internal body structure using sound waves.

Front 638

ULTRASOUND (UL-tra-sownd):

Back 638

sound waves with greater frequency than can be heard by the human ear. This energy is used to detect abnormalities by beaming the waves into the body and recording echoes that reflect off tissues.

Front 639

UNILATERAL (u-nih-LAT-er-al):

Back 639

pertaining to one side.

Front 640

UREA (u-RE-ah):

Back 640

chief nitrogen-containing waste that the kidney removes from the blood and eliminates from the body in urine.

Front 641

UREMIA (u-RE-me-ah):

Back 641

abnormal condition of excessive amounts of UREA in the bloodstream.

Front 642

URETER (u-RE-ter or U-re-ter):

Back 642

one of two tubes that lead from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Front 643

URETERECTOMY (r-re-ter-EK-to-me):

Back 643

removal (excision) of a ureter.

Front 644

URETHRA (u-RE-thrah):

Back 644

tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In males, the urethra, which is within the penis, also carries sperm from the VAS DEFERENS to the outside of the body when sperm is discharged (ejaculation).

Front 645

URETHRAL STRICTURE (u-RE-thral STRIK-shur):

Back 645

narrowing of the urethra.

Front 646

URETHRITIS (u-re-THRI-tis):

Back 646

inflammation of the urethra.

Front 647

URINALYSIS (u-rih-NAL-ih-sis):

Back 647

examination of urine to determine its contents.

Front 648

URINARY BLADDER (UR-in-er-e BLA-der):

Back 648

muscular sac that holds urine and then releases it to leave the body through the urethra.

Front 649

URINARY SYSTEM (UR-in-er-e SIS-tem):

Back 649

organs that produce and eliminate urine from the body. These organs are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Front 650

URINARY TRACT (UR-in-er-e trakt):

Back 650

tubes/organs that carry urine from the kidney to outside of the body.

Front 651

URINE (UR -ine): 

Back 651

liquid waste that is produced by the kidneys, passed through the ureters, stored in the bladder, and released from the body through the urethra.

Front 652

UROLOGIST (u-ROL-o-jist):

Back 652

specialist in treatment and surgery on the urinary tract in males and females, and on the reproductive tract in males.

Front 653

UROLOGY (u-ROL-o-je):

Back 653

study of the urinary system in males and females and the reproductive tract in males.

Front 654

UTERINE (U-ter-in):

Back 654

pertaining to the uterus.

Front 655

UTERINE TUBES (U-ter-in tubz):

Back 655

see FALLOPIAN TUBES.

Front 656

UTERUS (U-ter-us):

Back 656

muscular organ in a female that holds and provides nourishment for the developing fetus; womb.

Front 657

VAGINA (vah-JI-nah):

Back 657

muscular passageway from the uterus to the outside of the body.

Front 658

VAGINITIS (vah-jih-NI-tis):

Back 658

inflammation of the vagina.

Front 659

VARICOCELE (VAR-ih-ko-sel):

Back 659

swollen, twisted veins within the spermatic cord, above the testes. It produces a swelling in the scrotum that feels like a "bag of worms."

Front 660

VARIX (VAH-riks):

Back 660

enlarged, swollen, tortuous vein; pl. varices (VAH-ri-sez).

Front 661

VAS DEFERENS (vas DEHF-or-enz):

Back 661

one of two tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the urethra for ejaculation.

Front 662

VASCULAR (VAS-ku-lar):

Back 662

pertaining to blood vessels.

Front 663

VASCULITIS (vas-ku-LI-tis):

Back 663

inflammation of blood vessels.

Front 664

VASECTOMY (vas-EK-to-me):

Back 664

removal of portion of the vas deferens, to interrupt the flow of sperm cells, to prevent pregnancy from occurring.

Front 665

VASOCONSTRICTOR (vas-o-kon-STRIK-tor):

Back 665

drug that narrows blood vessels, especially small arteries.

Front 666

VEIN (van):

Back 666

blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart from tissues of the body.

Front 667

VENTRICLE (VEN-tri-kl):

Back 667

one of the two lower chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium (upper chamber) and pumps it to the lungs. The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta.

Front 668

VENULE (VEN-ul):

Back 668

small vein.

Front 669

VENULITIS (ven-u-LI-tis):

Back 669

inflammation of a small vein.

Front 670

VERTEBRA (VER-teh-brah):

Back 670

a backbone.

Front 671

VERTEBRAE (VER-teh-bray):

Back 671

backbones.

Front 672

VERTEBRAL (VER-teh-bral):

Back 672

pertaining to a backbone.

Front 673

VESICAL (VES-ih-kal):

Back 673

pertaining to the urinary bladder (VESIC/0).

Front 674

VIRUS (VI-rus):

Back 674

small infectious agent that can reproduce itself only when it is inside another living cell (host).

Front 675

WOMB (woom):

Back 675

see UTERUS.

Front 676

ABNORMAL (ab-NOR-mal):

Back 676

pertaining to being away (AB-) from the norm; irregular.

Front 677

ABDOMINAL (ab-DOM-i-nal):

Back 677

pertaining to the abdomen.

Front 678

ABDOMINAL CAVITY (ab-DOM-i-nal KAV-i-te):

Back 678

see ABDOMEN.

Front 679

ABDOMEN (AB-do-men):

Back 679

space below the chest, containing organs such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and gallbladder. Also called the abdominal cavity, the abdomen lies between the diaphragm and the pelvis (hip bone).

Front 680

PHARYNGITIS (fah-rin-JI-tis):

Back 680

inflammation of the pharynx (throat).

Front 681

PHLEBOTOMY (fleh-BOT-o-me):

Back 681

incision of a vein

Front 682

PINEAL GLAND (pi-NE-al gland):

Back 682

small endocrine gland within the brain; secretes a hormone, melatonin, whose exact function is unclear. In lower animals it is a receptor for light.

Front 683

PLEURA (PLOO-rah):

Back 683

double membrane that surrounds the lungs.

Front 684

PLEURITIS (ploo-RI-tis):

Back 684

inflammation of the PLEURA.

Front 685

PNEUMONIA (noo-MO-ne-ah): 

Back 685

inflammation of the lungs due to infection.

Front 686

POLYCYTHEMIA (pol-e-si-THE-me-ah):

Back 686

increase in red blood cells. One form is polycythemia vera, in which the bone marrow produces an excess of erythrocytes.

Front 687

POLYURIA (pol-e-UR-e-ah):

Back 687

excessive urination.

Front 688

POSTPARTUM (post PAR-tum):

Back 688

after birth.

Front 689

PRENATAL (pre-NA-tal):

Back 689

pertaining to before birth.

Front 690

PROCTOSCOPY (prok-TOS-ko-pe):

Back 690

inspection of the anus and rectum with a proctoscope (ENDOSCOPE); often done prior to rectal surgery.

Front 691

PROLAPSE (pro-LAPS):

Back 691

falling down, drooping of a part of the body; literally, a sliding (-LAPSE) forward (PRO-).

Front 692

PROSTATECTOMY (pros-tah-TEK-to-me):

Back 692

removal of the prostate gland.

Front 693

PHARYNX (FAR-inks):

Back 693

organ behind the mouth that receives swallowed food and delivers it into the esophagus. The pharynx (throat) also receives air from the nose and passes it to the trachea (windpipe).

Front 694

PHRENIC (FREH-nik):

Back 694

pretaining to the diaphragm

Front 695

PITUITARY GLAND (pi-TU-ih-tar-e gland):

Back 695

organ at the base of the brain that secretes hormones. These hormones enter the blood to regulate other organs and other endocrine glands. Known as the master gland.

Front 696

PLEURAL EFFUSION (PLOO-ral e-FU-zhun):

Back 696

collection of fluid between the double membrane surrounding the lungs.

Front 697

PNEUMOCONIOSIS (noo-mo-ko-ne-O-sis):

Back 697

group of lung diseases resulting from inhalation of particles of dust, such as coal, with permanent deposition of such particles in the lung.

Front 698

PNEUMONITIS (noo-mo-NI-tis):

Back 698

inflammation of a lung or lungs.

Front 699

POLYDIPSIA (pol-e-DIP-se-ah):

Back 699

excessive thirst.

Front 700

POSTERIOR (pos-TER-e-or):

Back 700

located in the back portion of a structure or of the body.

Front 701

PRECANCEROUS (pre-KAN-ser-us):

Back 701

pertaining to a condition that may precede cancer; a condition that tends to become malignant.

Front 702

PROCTOLOGIST (prok-TOL-o-jist):

Back 702

physician who specializes in the study of the anus and rectum.

Front 703

PROGNOSIS (prog-NO-sis):

Back 703

forecast as to the probable outcome of an illness or treatment; literally, before (PRO-) knowledge (-GNOSIS).

Front 704

PROSTATE GLAND (PROS-tat gland):

Back 704

male gland that surrounds the base of the urinary bladder. It produces fluid that leaves the body with sperm cells.

Front 705

PROSTATIC (pros-TAH-tik):

Back 705

pertaining to the prostate gland.

Front 706

PROSTATIC CARCINOMA (pros-TAH-tik kar-si-NO-mah):

Back 706

malignant tumor arising from the PROSTATE GLAND.

Front 707

PHARYNGEAL (fah-rin-JE-al):

Back 707

pertaining to the pharynx (throat)

Front 708

PHLEBITIS (fleh-BI-tis):

Back 708

inflammation of the vein.

Front 709

PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (FIZ-e-kal MED-i-sin and re-ha-bil-i-TA-shun):

Back 709

field of medicine that specializes in restoring the function of the body after illness

Front 710

PLATELET (PILAT-let):

Back 710

cell in the blood that aids clotting; thrombocyte.

Front 711

PLEURISY (PLOO-ih-se):

Back 711

inflammation of the pleura

Front 712

PNEUMONECTOMY (noo-mo-NEK-to-me):

Back 712

removal of a lung.

Front 713

PNEUMOTHORAX (noo-mo-THO-raks):

Back 713

abnormal accumulation of air in the space between the pleura.

Front 714

POLYP (POL-ip):

Back 714

a growth or mass (benign) protruding from a mucous membrane, and hemoglobin level is elevated.

Front 715

POSTMORTEM (post MOR-tem):

Back 715

after death.

Front 716

PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (pros-TAH-tik hi-per-PLA-zhah):

Back 716

abnormal increase in growth (benign) of the prostate gland.

Front 717

PROSTHESIS (pros-THE-sis):

Back 717

artificial substitute for a missing part of the body; literally, to place (-THESIS) before (PROS-).