Rel100 Mod 1

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Polythetic

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There is no single trait that all religions share and that no "non-religions" like football or science possess.

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Religion

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A set of beliefs values institutions and behaviors

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Ultimate reality

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People find their expression on three levels: the theoretical, the practical, and the sociological.

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Theoretical

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characterized by their attention to matters of theology, philosophy, and ethics and by their effort to provide a coherent explanation of the nature of the universe, God, and human beings.

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Ritual

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Any act that is performed repetitively and precisely; actions whose purpose is to interact with the divine or to bring its practitioners to a deeper understanding of God or their traditions

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Sociological

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People form themselves into a groups and organizations around shared beliefs and/or practices; could be a family tribe community Church or Temple toward which those of similar beliefs gravitate

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Religious specialist

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People who fill special functions within a religion like ministers, spirit mediums priests, diviners, nuns, monks, nuns, deacons, etc.

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Shaman

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A religious specialist who is able to move back and forth between seen and unseen worlds either by entering a trance or becoming possessed by a spirit

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Priest

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typically one who officiates in religious ceremonies transmits religious practices and beliefs to ordinary practitioners and cares for a temple or a shrine

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Monk

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one who removes himself from ordinary life to pursue spiritual matters full-time

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Female monk is usually called a nun

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Syncretism

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The religions may claim to have been created by the gods or ancestors completely independent of any other influences, one of the central characteristics of religion as we know it is the way it combines beliefs practices and so on from many different sources

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Religio (latin)

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The feeling of being in the presence of something divine

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Some things that look like religion to us like Buddhism insists that there is no God.

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Why have scholars been reluctant to define religion in terms of the belief in God?

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Sacred stories believed to carry deep meaning.

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What is the best definition of myth?

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Immanent

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Within us near us around us interacting with us

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Transcendent

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Beyond us above us separate from us

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Pantheism

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When God is understood to be radically imminent in everything and inseparable from the world

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Panentheism

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When God permeates the world but is also more than the world

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Polytheism

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The belief in many gods like Hinduism and Shinto

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Monotheism

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The belief in one God like Judaism and Islam

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That it is ineffable

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The religions of the world agree on at least one aspect of divine reality...

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Functionalism

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Religions exist all over the world because human beings wherever you find them have basic needs and they create religions to find these needs

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EB Tylor

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Proposed that religion came about when people had dreams about dead friends and relatives and became convinced that these people somehow lived on in another form in the spirit world. Gradually the idea that people had spirits grew to include the idea that all things had spirits as well.

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Sir James George Frazier

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Author of The Golden Bough, thought religion was destined to die and was simply a primitive form of science away people tried to make sense of the world and influence events. Once they developed real science and technology he believed religion would fade away.

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Sigmund Freud

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found the origins of religion in psychological needs that developed through the family dynamics and the parent in the simple process of growing

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Karl Marx

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Religion was used to convince the lower classes that God ordained their social station and to keep them from rebelling against their lot in life by encouraging them to concentrate on going to heaven in the next life rather than their condition on Earth.

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Emile Durkheim

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French sociologist who was one thinker for whom religion had an enduring value which was social. He thought that when people thought they were worshiping god's, God, or the universe they were really worshiping themselves, their own social unit, and its coherence

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Rudolph Otto

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He saw religions as a response to what is an essentially religious experience. These experiences of on fascination come to us unbidden and human religions are but an effort to understand and make sense of them.

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Exclusivism

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Because religion deals with ultimate truths there can only be one correct perspective

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Relativism

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Religious truth claims are ultimately unknowledgeable. thus either all religions are wrong or is basically up to individuals to freely choose which religion fits their personalities.

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Inclusivism

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There is one true and correct manifestation of religiosity but all religions share some part of the truth.

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Synthesis

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All religions offer different manifestations of the one truth differences are his result of history and cultural particularity. As time progresses all religious faiths will coalesce around one underlying religious truth.

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Affirmation

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All religions are distinct and true in and of themselves; therefore each religion should be respected as true and valid.