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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is mitosis? |
A type of cell division where two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, are produced. |
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What are the phases of mitosis in order? |
- Interphase - Prophase - Prometaphase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase |
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What is interphase? |
Cell not dividing period/defined nucleus, loose DNA/90% cell cycle/produces RNA/synthesizes proteins (G1, S, G2) |
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What is prophase? |
Chromatin condenses=chromosomes/centrioles move to cell poles/spindle fibres form/nucleolus+nuclear envelope disappear |
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What is prometaphase? |
The spindle fibres attach to the centromere of the chromosomes |
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What is metaphase? |
Chromosomes seen as two chromatids/spindle fibres align chromosomes along cell equator (in order to separate them correctly) |
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What is anaphase? |
Centromeres divide/spindle fibres pull chromatids apart/moved to opposite poles of the cell (now referred to as chromosomes)/poles move apart/energy provided by surrounding mitochondria |
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What is telophase? |
chromosomes disperse=chromatin/spindle fibres disperse/nuclei reform/cytokinesis begins |
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What is cytokinesis? |
The splitting of the cytoplasm after mitosis to produce two daughter cells. |
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How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells? |
A ring of actin forms around the equator of the cell. The ring of actin tightens to form a cleavage furrow, splitting the cell in two. |
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How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells? |
Vesicle move to the equator of the cell. They line up and fuse, creating two membranes=cell plate. A new cell wall is laid down between the membranes, creating two separate plant cells. |
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How does cell division of prokaryotic cells occur? Describe the process. |
- Binary fission circular DNA replicates/attach to cell membrane/plasmids replicate/cell membrane grows between two DNA molecules=divides cytoplasm/new cell wall between DNA molecules |
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How does replication of viruses occur? |
Attach to host cell with attachment proteins/inject nucleic acids to host cell/genetic info=instructions for host cell metabolic processes to produce viral components (nucleic acids/enzymes/structural proteins)=assemble new viruses |
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What are the phases of the cell cycle in order? |
[INTERPHASE] G1, G1/S checkpoint, S, G2, G2/S checkpoint, Mitosis, M checkpoint, cytokinesis, G0 |
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What are cyclins? |
Proteins with control the cell cycle from checkpoint to checkpoint |
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What is the chromosome structure? |
Two chromatids joined together at the centromere. |
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What are karyotypes? |
Number, size, shape of chromosomes in an organism |
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How does DNA condense into chromosomes? |
DNA wraps around histones=nucleosomes/nucleosomes condense into chromatin fibre/chromatin fibre condenses into chromosomes |
