Mis: Chapter 3

Front 1

database

Back 1

collection of related data that can be stored in a central location or in multiple locations

Front 2

data hierarchy

Back 2

structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files

Front 3

database management system

Back 3

software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files; makes using databases more efficient

Front 4

sequential file structure

Back 4

records in files are organized and processed in numerical or sequential order, typically the order in which they were entered

Front 5

random access file structure

Back 5

records can be accessed in any order, regardless of their physical location in storage media; this method of access is fast and very effective when a small number of records need to be processed daily or weekly

Front 6

indexed sequential access method (ISAM)

Back 6

records can be accessed sequentially or randomly, depending on the number being accessed; for a small number random access is used, and for a large number sequential access is used

Front 7

physical view

Back 7

involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media, such as hard disks, magnetic tapes, or CDs

Front 8

logical view

Back 8

involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved

Front 9

data model

Back 9

determines how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained; usually contains data structure, operations, and integrity rules

Front 10

hierarchical model

Back 10

the relationships between records form a treelike structure; records called nodes and relationships between records are call branches; node at top is the root and every other node has a parent; nodes with same parent are called twins or siblings

Front 11

network model

Back 11

each record can have multiple parent and child nodes

Front 12

relational model

Back 12

uses a 2D table of rows and columns of data; rows are records and columns are fields

Front 13

data dictionary

Back 13

stores definitions, such as data types for fields, default values, and validation rules for data in each field

Front 14

primary key

Back 14

uniquely identifies every record in a relational database

Front 15

foreign key

Back 15

field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table; can be used to cross-reference tables

Front 16

normalization

Back 16

improves database efficiency by eliminating redundant data and ensuring that only related data is stored in a table

Front 17

structured query language

Back 17

standard fourth-generation query language used by many DBMS packages, such as Oracle 11g and Microsoft SQL Server; consists of several keywords specifying actions to take

Front 18

query by example

Back 18

user requests data from database by constructing a statement made up of query forms

Front 19

create, read, update, and delete (CRUD)

Back 19

data administration used to determine who has permission to perform certain functions

Front 20

database administrators (DBA)

Back 20

found in large organizations, design and set up databases, establish security measures, develop recovery procedures, evaluate database performance, and add and fine-tune database functions

Front 21

data-driven web site

Back 21

acts as an interface to a database, retrieving data for users and allowing users to enter data in the database

Front 22

distributed database

Back 22

stores data on multiple servers throughout an organization

Front 23

fragmentation

Back 23

approach to distributed DBMS; addresses how tables are divided among multiple locations. three variations: horizontal, vertical, and mixed

Front 24

replication

Back 24

approach to distributed DBMS; each site stores a copy of data of the organization's database

Front 25

allocation

Back 25

approach to distributed DBMS; combines fragmentation and replication, with each site storing the data it uses most often

Front 26

client/server database

Back 26

users' workstations (client) are linked in a local area network to share the services of a single server

Front 27

object-oriented databases

Back 27

both data and their relationships are contained in a single object; an object consists of attributes and methods that can be performed on the object's data

Front 28

encapsulation

Back 28

grouping similar items into a single unit; helps handle more complex types of data, such as images and graphs

Front 29

inheritance

Back 29

new objects can be created faster and more easily by entering new data in attributes

Front 30

data warehouse

Back 30

collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence

Front 31

extraction, transformation and loading (ETL)

Back 31

describe the processes used in a data warehouse; includes extracting data from outside sources, transforming it to fit operational needs, and loading it into the end target (database or data warehouse)

Front 32

online analytical processing (OLAP)

Back 32

generates business intelligence; uses multiple sources of information and provides multidimensional analysis, such as viewing data based on time, product, and location

Front 33

data-mining analysis

Back 33

used to discover patterns and relationships

Front 34

data mart

Back 34

smaller version of a data warehouse, used by a single department or function