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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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computer
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machine that accepts data as input, processes data without human intervention by using stored instructions, and outputs information
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central processing unit
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heart of a computer. Divided into ALU and control unit
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arithmetic logic unit
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performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and logical operations such as comparing numbers
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control unit
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tells the computer what to do, such as instructing the computer which device to read or sent output to
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bus
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link between devices connected to the computer. It can be parallel or serial or internal (local) or external
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disk drive
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peripheral device for recording, storing, and retrieving information
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CPU case
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aka chassis or tower. enclosure containing the computer's main components
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motherboard
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main circuit board containing connectors for attaching additional boards. usually contains CPU, Basic Input/Output System (BIOS), memory, storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers for standard peripheral devices, such as the display, monitor, disk drive, and keyboard
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input devices
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send data and information to the computer e.g. keyboard and mouse
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output device
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capable of representing information from a computer. The form of this output might be visual, audio, or digital and examples include printers, display monitors, and plotters
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main memory
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stores data and information and is usually volatile
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secondary memory
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nonvolatile, serves mostly as archival storage, as for backups
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random access memory
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volatile memory in which data can be read from and be written to
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cache RAM
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resides on the processor, stores recently accessed memory so that the processor isn't waiting for the memory transfer
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read-only memory (ROM)
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nonvolatile memory, can't be written to
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magnetic tape
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made of a plastic material, resembles a cassette tape and stores data sequentially
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magnetic disk
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made of mylar or metal, used for random-access processing; data can be accessed in any order, regardless of its order on the surface
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optical discs
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use laser beams to access and store data e.g. CD-ROMs, WORM discs, and erasable optical discs
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redundant array of independent discs (RAID) system
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collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance, typically in large network systems
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storage area networks (SAN)
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dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software, used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical storage devices
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network-attached storage (NAS)
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a network-connected computer dedicated to providing file-based data storage services to other network devices
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server
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computer and all the software for managing network resources and offering services to a network
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operating system
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set of programs for controlling and managing computer hardware and software, provides an interface between a computer and the user and increases computer efficiency by helping users share computer resources and performing repetitive tasks for users
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application software
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can be commercial software or software developed in-house and is used to perform a variety of tasks on a microcomputer
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machine language
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consists of a series of 0s and 1s representing data or instructions and was part of the first generation of computer languages; depends on the machine, so a code written for one type of computer does not work on another type of computer
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assembly language
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second generation of computer languages, is a higher-level language than machine language but is also machine dependent; uses a series of short codes or mnemonics to represent data or instructions
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high-level language
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machine independent and part of the third-generation computer language; many options are available and each is designed for a specific purpose
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fourth-generation languages
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use macro codes that can take the place of several lines of programming; commands are powerful and easy to learn, particularly for people with little computer training
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fifth-generation languages
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aka natural language processing; ideal computer languages for people with minimal computer training; designed to facilitate natural conversations between you and the computer
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