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45 Cards in this Set
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The period in European history between the end of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the modern era;the Middle Ages from around A.D.500 to A.D. 1500
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Middle Ages
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An economic and political system of Europe in the Middle Ages
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feudalism
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An important noble in the Middle Ages
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lord
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In the Middle Ages, a large piece of land granted by a king to a lord in exchange for his loyalty
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fief
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A person who, during the Middle Ages promised to fight for when he was needed by his lord in exchange for land
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vassal
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A person who was bound to live and work on the land of a noble
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serf
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A large self-sufficient farming estate where nobles and serfs lived and worked
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manor
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A son of a noble who was a trained soldier and military service in exchange for the right to own land
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knight
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A religious community in which monks live simple lives of work and prayer
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monastery
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A relious community in which nuns lead simple lives of work and prayer
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convent
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A religious woman who lives in a convent and worships gods with other nuns
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nun
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A religious man who lives in a monastery and worships gods with other monks
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monk
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According to Roman Catholic teachingss a man or woman believed to be especially holy
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saint
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A large and elaborate christian church; many of the greatest cathedrals were built during the Middle Ages in Europe
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cathedral
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A journey to a holy place for a religious purpose
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pilgrimage
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A series of "holy wars" in the Middle Ages in which European Christians attempted to recapture the Holy Land(Palestine)from Muslims
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Crusades
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The buying and selling of goods
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commerce
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An organization of people such as weavers and shoemakers, who practiced the same craft, formed to set standards and promote the interests of the craft
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guild
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A person who lived and worked, without pay, with a master craftsmen in order to learn a trade
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apprentice
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A person in the Middle Ages who had completed his apprenticeship and was payed for his work
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journeyman
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A formal document setting forth the goals and principles of an organization
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charter
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A document drawn up by English nobles in 1215 that spelled out certain rights and limted the king's power
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Magna Carta
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A period of cultural and artistic flowering in Europe that began in Italy around 1350 and eventually spread throughout Europe
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Renaissance
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The literature of ancient Greece and Rome
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classics
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A person who uses his or her money or influence to support another person such as an artist or a writer
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patron
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1304-1374 Italian poet and scholar whoes interest in ancient literature helped spark the Renaissance
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Petrarch
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1449-1492 Renaissance patron of the arts
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Lorenzo de Medici
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1452-1519 Renaissance painter and inventor from Italy; creator of the Mona Lisa
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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1475-1564 Italian Renaissance artist;created the Pieta and the paintings of the Sistine Chapel
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Michelangelo
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The study of the planets, stars, and other heavenly bodies
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astronomy
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1642-1727 Englishmen who discovered the law of gravity; found final proof of the heliocentric theory
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Isaac Newton
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1563-1642 Italian scientist who used a telescope to prove that the heliocentric theory was correct
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Galileo
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1473-1543 Polish astronomer whose observations led him to develop the heliocentric theory
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Copernicus
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Based on Copernicus's ideas, the idea that the earth and other planets moved around the sun
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heliocentric theory
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An instrument for making distant objects, such as heavenly bodies appear nearer and larger
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telescope
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The force that causes to be pulled toward the center of the earth
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gravity
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A device showing the direction of the magnetic north that is used to find geographical direction
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compass
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A sailing vessel developed in Europe which because of its large size and triangular sails, allowed Europeans to safely sail greater distances
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caravel
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1254-1324 Italian merchant who journeyed to China
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Marco Polo
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1215-1294 Ruler of the Mongol Empire from 1260-1294
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Kublai Khan
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1394-1460 Prince of Portugal; founded a school for sailors
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Henry the Navigator
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1450-1500 The first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa
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Bartholomeu Dias
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1469-1542 Portuguese navigator who discovered an all-water route to the Indies
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Vasco Da Gama
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1446-1506 Italian explorer who arrived in the Americas in 1492
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Christopher Columbus
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The idea that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, stars, and planets revolved around the earth
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geocentric theory
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