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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes typhoid fever?
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salmonella typhi
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what causes paratyphoid fever?
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salmonella paratyphi
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What is the morphology of sal typhi?
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gram negative baclli
motile |
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Does sal typhi ferment lactose?
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NO
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what does sal typhi look like on HE agar and why?
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this has black colonies, due to H2S production
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What agar is selective for sal typhi?
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Hektoen Enteric Agar (HE)
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What age groups get sal typhi?
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school aged kids and young adults
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Where is sal typhi most common?
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asia, afric, latin america, caribbean, oceania
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how is sal typhi transmitted?
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oral- food/beverage
hand to mouth |
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what cells does sal typhi infect?
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facultative intracellular parasites in Macrophages
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What type of secretory system does sal typhi use to infect cells?
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type 3 system, used for invasion
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What causes the fever and symptomes from sal typhi?
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LPS- lipid A
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What is the Vi antigen in sal typhi?
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this is the capsule, used for antigenicity
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what makes someone more susceptible to sal typhi?
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achlorhydria
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What receptor does sal typhia bind to?
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CFTR of M cells
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Where does sal typhi travel to in the body?
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distal Ileum peyers patches
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How does sal typhi affect the gall bladder?
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causes cholecystitis
can infect on the gallstones |
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How does sal typhi affect peyers patches?
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this comes from infected bile
forms ulcers, hemorrhage, perforation |
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What is the fever pattern for sal typhi?
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STEPWISE
rises durng day, falls by morning- all while increasing over time to about 103-104 |
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What are the week 2 signs for sal typhi?
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abdominal pain
rose spots on trunk constipation-diarrhea |
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What are the week 3 signs of sal typhi
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hepatosplenomegaly
bleeding perforation shock death |
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How does the heart rate change with fever in sal typhi infection?
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Relative brady cardia for the temp
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Who is usually an asymptomatic carrier for sal typhi?
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women with gallstones
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What is the most sensitive way to recover sal typhi?
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bone marrow aspirate
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how do you diagnose sal typhi?
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Typhidot ELISA test
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When do you begin treatment for sal typhi?
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immediately, based upon hx of endemic travel or food consumption
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What are the DOC for sal typhi?
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ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin
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is there a vaccine for sal typhi?
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yes there is
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What is the morphology of Yersinia Pestis?
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non spore forming
G- coccobacillus has pathogenicity island has a "safety pin" appearance when stained |
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What does the capsule of Yersinia Pestis contain?
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F1 antigenic protein
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What is the temp range for Yersinia Pestis?
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wide tolerance range
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who is the USA is at greatest risk for Yersinia Pestis?
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native americans in south western states
-hunters, lab techs |
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how do you get Yersinia Pestis?
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flea bite
cats- pneumonic plague |
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what is the infectious dose Yersinia Pestis
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1 bacteria
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What regulates the plasmid and chromosmal factors for Yersinia Pestis?
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Ca2+ and temp regulated
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what does fibrinolysin and phospholipase do for Yersinia Pestis?
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facilitate multiplication
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What does cogaulase do for Yersinia Pestis?
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blocks the foregut of the flea
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What activates the YOPS genes in Yersinia Pestis?
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Ca2+ and 35-37C temps
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What do the YOPS do?
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enzymes that damage host cells
disrupt intracellular function |
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How are the YOPS delivered to host cells?
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type 3 secretory system
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Is LPS regulated in Yersinia Pestis?
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no its not temp regulated
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how do humans get Yersinia Pestis?
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coagulase blocks up flea gut, causing them to barf up infected blood on humans
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how does Yersinia Pestis move around inside people?
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it travels in PMN's and monocytes
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What is the presentation of Bubonic plague?
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sudden onset high fever, chills, HA
pailful swollen lymph nodes (buboes)** -in groin, axilla, neck Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly |
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What is the most common form of Yersinia Pestis infection?
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bubonic plague
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What causes Pneumonic plague?
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either primary, or untreated bubonic/septicemic
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How contagious is Pnuemonic plague?
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VERY
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What are the symptoms of Pneumonic plague?
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abrupt onset fever/chills
and CHEST pain. cough, dyspenia, purulent sputum, hemoptysis |
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What is the mortality of pneumonic plague?
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100% without treatement within 24 hours
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What are the symptoms of septicemic plague?
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DIC, septic shock, MOSF
Large PURPLE and black lesions death 100% |
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How do you diagnose Yersinia Pestis?
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aspirate and stain
look for starry night stain with F1- antigen immunofluorsecence |
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What is the Tx for Yersinia Pestis?
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IV/IM gentamicin
respiratory isolation |
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what is the DOC for propylaxsis for Yersinia Pestis?
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Doxycycline, TMP/SMX
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What are the Yersinia Pestis vaccines NOT effective for?
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pneumonic form
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