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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the genetics of HIV?
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enveloped diploid ssRNA virus
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what is the capsid of HIV?
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helical
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what is the capsid of HTLV?
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icosahedral
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what genera of retrovrius is HIV?
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Lentiviruses
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What genera of retrovirus is HTLV?
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oncovirus- this results in the transformation/immortilization of target cell
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What does the GAG gene of HIV-1 do?
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this encodes a precursor that is cleaved into nucleocapsid** proteins
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What does the POL gene of HIV-1 do?
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this encodes a precursor for RT, integrase, and protease
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What does the ENV gene of HIV-1 do?
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this codes the envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41
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What receptors interact for HIV to enter a cell?
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gp120/41 and this attaches to CD4+ and chemokine receptor CXCR4/CCR5
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What are the symptoms of acute HIV infection?
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may prevents with flu or IM like symptoms.
mononuclear cells* cytokine release* |
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What happens in the clinical latency stage of HIV-1?
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presistent infection and replication of HIV, and a gradual decline in CD4+ T cells
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What are the early symptoms of HIV infection (later on)
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chronic symptoms
diarrhea, night sweats, opportunistic infections several CPE's that may kill infected cells |
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How do you define AIDS? (3 ways)
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HIV+ and one of 26 defining diseases
CD4+ below 200 CD4+ less than 14% of total lymphocytes |
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how do you get AIDS-related dementia?
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antibody coated viral particles are infectious when phagocytosed by macrophages
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What are some of the main AIDS defining illnesses?
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PCP
toxoplasmosis cryptococcal mennigitis MAC CMV |
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Who gets HIV and how?
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people between 15-24
due to unprotected sex with 70% being heterosexual |
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How do you diagnose HIV-1?
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clinical
and ELISA confirmed with a western blot |
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what defines a positive western blot?
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must have two or more bands that match for HIV proteins
band at p31, or p24 band at gp120 or gp41 |
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using a flow cytometery, what would you see in HIV?
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CD8 would be more common than CD4's
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is HTLV cytolytic?
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no it is not
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What are the symptoms of HTLV-1 infection?
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typically asymptomatic
but can produce acute T-cell lymphocytic leukemia |
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What is the key morphology of HTLV infection?
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malignant proliferation of CD4+ t cells
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what types of cells does HTLV infect?
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CD4+
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what does HTLV do to CD4+ cells?
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this transacitvates genes for IL-2 and IL-2R
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how do you diagnose HTVL?
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specific antigens/antiboides
atypical lymphocytes** elevated WBC count as high as 100,000 cells/mm3 |
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What is the Tx for HTLV?
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chemo
INF-a and AZT |
