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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the infective stage for humans of malaria?
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sporozoites
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what phase of malaria enters the liver in the exoerythrocytic phase?
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sporozoites enter the liver
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what phase of malaria EXITS the liver in the exoerythrocytic phase?
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merozoites
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what stage of malaria infects RBC's?
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merozoites
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What type of mosquito gives you malaria, and when?
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Female Anopheles mosquito at night
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where do schizonts complete their life cycle?
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in liver cells
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What infects RBC's?
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merozoites
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After a merozoite enters the RBC, how does it change? morphology?
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this becomes a young trophozoite- looks like a RING STAGE**
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What does an RBC ring stage progress to?
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this turns into a schizont, which bursts with merozoites
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what stage of malaria re-infects mosquitos?
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gametocyte
(micro- male) (macro- female) |
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What is the presentation of malaria?
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extreme fever followed by shaking chills (due to synchronized RBC destruction)
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how does malaria affect the hypothalamaus?
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this raises the thermal set point, due to the massive TNF-a release
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what two blood dysorders can cause resistance to malaria?
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sickle cell anemia heterozygotes
lack of Duffy antigen |
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what is the duffy antigen?
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this is the IL-8 receptor, merozoite receptor
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where do most people who lack the duffy antigen live?
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in West Africa
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what are the prophylactic drugs for plasmodium vivax?
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chloroquine, mefloquine, doxycycline*
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How do you ID plasmodium vivax?
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schuffners dots
gemisa stained capillaries/venous blood enlarged RBC's |
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where is P vivax most common?
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in tropical regions
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How long is the incubation of plasmodium vivax?
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15 days
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how long is the life cycle of P vivax?
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48 hours, so note 48 hours between fever
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what type of RBC's does P vivax infect?
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young RBC's
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how long can P vivax relapse for?
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up to 5 years, due to hypnozoite phase*
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what drug is used to get P vivax out of the liver?
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primaquine
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How virulent is Falciparum malaria?
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very virulent!
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how high is the fever of Falciparum malaria?
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very high above 106F
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what stage of RBC's does Falciparum malaria infect?
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all stages
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how long is the life cycle of Falciparum malaria?
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about 3 days
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why is Falciparum malaria often mistaken for other bugs?
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due to its gastric effects
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is there relapsing with Falciparum malaria?
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no there is not
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what is blackwater fever?
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very high levels of hemoglobin in urine
due to an autoimmune response to previous infection that wasnt treated properly damages kidneys-> death |
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how does Falciparum malaria affect capillaries?
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this causes obstructions, due to sticky RBCs
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how does Falciparum malaria affect the brain
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necrosis due to platelet plugs
fever above 108 |
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how does Falciparum malaria affect body temp?
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skin feels cold but internal temp is high
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how do you diagnose Falciparum malaria?
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double rings per RBC**
crescent shaped gametocyte |
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how do you treat Falciparum malaria?
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about the same as vivax
chloroquine doxycycline |
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Where is Babesia microti common?
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in new england
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what is the vector for Babesia microti ?
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deer tick
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what is the tx for Babesia microti ?
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clindamycin/quinine
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what is the characteristic ring shape of Babesia microti ?
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looks like an iron cross
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how do you diagnose plasmodium vivax by size?
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RBC's will be enlarged
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