Microbiology - Virology 1 And 2 Combined

Front 1

Cell culture of what virus?

Back 1

RSV
(note the syncytia)
(Lack of inclusions)

Front 2

Cell culture of what virus?

Back 2

Adenovirus

(grape-like clusters of rounded cells)
(dark basophilic nuclear inclusions)

Front 3

Cell culture of what virus?

Back 3

Measles

(Syncytia)
(Large intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions)

Front 4

Cell culture of what virus?

Back 4

Mumps

(Syncytia. Indistinguishable from RSV based on CPE - cytopathic effect - but has a hemagglutin protein = RBCs adhere to cell surfae. aka hemadsorption & allows differentiation between mumps & RSV)

Front 5

Which viruses form syncytia?

Back 5

RSV
Measles
Mumps
HSV

Front 6

Cell culture of which virus?

Back 6

HSV

-Grows fast in culture (3d)
-Plaques of rounded cells
-Nuclear inclusions
-Formation of giant cells and multi-nucleate syncytia
-COWDRY BODIES

Front 7

Virus?

Back 7

CMV

Grows only in fibroblasts
Slow
OWLS EYE NUCLEI
Nuclear & cytoplasmic inclusions

Front 8

DNA viruses that are nonenveloped?

enveloped?

Back 8

Non: Parvo, Adeno, Papova, Polyoma

Env: Herpes, Pox, Hepadna

Front 9

RNA viruses that are nonenveloped?

enveloped?

Back 9

Non: Calici (HEV), Picorna (enterov, HAV, rhino), Reo (Rota)

Env: all the rest

Front 10

Nuclear & cytoplasmic inclusions are seen in what viruses?

Back 10

CMV
Measles

Front 11

Nuclear inclusions only?

Back 11

HSV
Adeno

Front 12

Cytoplasmic inclusions only?

Back 12

Rabies

Front 13

EM of what virus?

Back 13

Adenovirus

Front 14

Virus?

Back 14

Rabies

NEGRI BODY (cytoplasmic inclusion)

Front 15

Name the 7 DNA viruses

Back 15

Parvo-viridae
Hepadna-
Polyoma-
Papilloma-
Adeno-
Herpes-
Pox-

Front 16

Which DNA viruses are enveloped?

Back 16

Hepadna
Herpes
Pox

Front 17

there are 14+ RNA viruses.. which are NOT enveloped?

Back 17

Rio / Rota
Bonya / Hanta
Picorna (HAV, entero, rhino)
Calici (Novo, HEV)
Astro

Front 18

Which virus is ssDNA?

Back 18

Parvo

Front 19

Which virus is dsRNA?

Back 19

Rota

Front 20

What families are the hepatitis viruses in?

Back 20

HAV: Picorna (RNA)
HBV: Hepadna (dsDNA, enveloped)
HCV: Flavi (RNA, enveloped)
HDV: not included - a funny type
HEV: Calici (RNA)

Front 21

Which hepatitis virus is a DNA virus?

Back 21

HBV

Front 22

2 viruses that have both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions

Back 22

CMV
Measles

Front 23

– Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients & military recruits
– Acute gastroenteritis children (40,41)
– Pharyngitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever
– Keratoconjunctivitis
– HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS
– Cervicitis, urethritis
– Disseminated disease

Back 23

Adenovirus

Front 24

Back 24

Adenovirus
NUCLEAR inclusion only, large basophilic
Smudgy and coarse
No cytomegaly or multinucleation

Front 25

Back 25

EM of adenovirus virions

Front 26

Back 26

Shingles (zoster)
Affects one dermatome

Front 27

CMV establishes latency in?

Back 27

Macrophages

Front 28

CPE of which virus?

Back 28

CMV

Grape like clusters of rounded cells in a clean background

Front 29

Back 29

CPE of VZV
Foci of sandpaper with rounded cells

Front 30

Back 30

HSV
Rounded cells at the edge

Front 31

What virus causes roseola and what cell does it live in?

Back 31

HHV6 (sixth disease)

T CELLS!

Front 32

What virus is the hardiest to transport and is the quickest to grow in cell culture?

Which takes the longest to grow in cell culture?

Back 32

HSV (24hrs!)


CMV (14-21d)
RSV (10-14d)

Front 33

Adenovirus is latent in?

Back 33

Lymphoid tissue

Front 34

What strains of adenovirus cause gastroenteritis in kids?

Back 34

40 & 41

Front 35

HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS

Back 35

adenovirus
BK virus

Front 36

Fifth disease

Back 36

Parvovirus B19

Front 37

Bone marrow aspirate. Dx?

Back 37

Parvovirus

Mature erythroid precursors are absent, and giant pronormoblasts are typical of B19 infection.

Front 38

Polyomaviruses & associations

Back 38

JC - PML

BK - hemorrhagic cystitis

Front 39

Dane particle

Back 39

HBV virion

Front 40

HBV belongs to what family?

Back 40

Hepadnavirus (dsDNA enveloped)

Front 41

HBeAg?

Back 41

Chronic infection

Front 42

HCV belongs to what family?

Which type of HCV is worst?

HCV treatment?

Back 42

Flaviviridae

Type 1 is worst.

IFN & ribavirin

Front 43

What % of HBV becomes chronic?

HCV?

Back 43

9% HBV becomes chronic

80% HCV; 25% get cirrhosis

Front 44

Back 44

Enterovirus

Teardrop & Kite-like cells!

Front 45

Coxsackie A

Coxsackie B

Back 45

A: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

B: Pericarditis, myocarditis

Front 46

Picornaviridae

Back 46

Enteroviruses (Polio, coxsackie, enterovirus)
HAV
Rhinovirus

non-enveloped RNA

Front 47

Orthomyxoviridae

Back 47

Influenza

enveloped RNA
Helical capsid

Front 48

Antigenic drift

Back 48

Minor change in amino acid of H or N. cross-antibody protection

Front 49

Antigenic shift

Back 49

Major change. Genome rearrangement. "New" virus! No protection

Front 50

Subtyping of influenza is based on what?

Back 50

H (hemagglutinin) and N (neuraminidase)

Front 51

Which influenza type is worse and why?

Back 51

Influenza A. Can have antigenic drift or shift!

Influenza B only drifts.

Front 52

Amantidine treats?

Tamiflu treats?

Back 52

Amantidine treats Influenza A only

Tamiflu treats Influenza A & B

Front 53

Paramyxiviridae

Back 53

Measles
Mumps
RSV
Parainfluenza

enveloped RNA virus

Front 54

Back 54

Koplik spots of measles

Front 55

Atypical measles

Back 55

Hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in patients incompletely vaccinated for measles

high fever, headache, cough, and abdominal pain. The rash may appear 1 to 2 days later, often beginning on the limbs.

SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS

Front 56

Croup

Back 56

Parainfluenza

Member of paramyxoviridae, enveloped RNA virus

Front 57

Parotitis
testes/ovary
eye/ear
CNS

Back 57

Mumps (paramyxoviridae)

Front 58

Back 58

CPE of RSV

syncytium formation

Front 59

RSV is in what family?

Back 59

paramyxoviridae

Front 60

Gastroenteritis in a child
fecal specimen

Back 60

ROTAVIRUS! (wheels)

Front 61

Adult T cell lymphoma
Tropical spastic paraperesis

Back 61

HTLV (of the retrovirsuses)

Front 62

What type of vaccine is MMR?

Back 62

live attenuated

Front 63

What family are the arboviruses?

Back 63

Trick question!
term used to refer to a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. The word arbovirus is an acronym (ARthropod-BOrne viruses)

RNA viruses

Front 64

What mosquitoes transmit WNV, dengue and yellow fever?

Back 64

Aedes (A. aegypti)

Front 65

maculopapular and progresses to vessicular - all lesions
in same stage on a body area - central body outward

Back 65

Smallpox

ALL LESIONS SAME STAGE

Front 66

Back 66

smallpox

Front 67

Back 67

Rabies
bullet-shaped

Front 68

What family is rabies?

Back 68

rhabdoviridae

Front 69

For HIV, which proteins encode the envelope? core? reverse transcriptase?

Back 69

envelope - gp160/gp120

core - p24

reverse transcriptase - p41

Front 70

what is the viral transport media? What temperature is short term transport storage? What temperature is long term (>72) transport storage?

Back 70

Hank's balanced salt solution with antibiotics

short term is 4C

long term is -70C

viral specimens are filtered prior to being placed on cell monolayer to eliminate bacterial contamination

Front 71

what are primary cell lines?

Back 71

direct from animals (rhesus monkey kidney - RMK)

Front 72

what are diploid cell lines?

Back 72

viable for 20-50 passes, MRC-5- (microbiology research council 5) human diploid fibroblasts

Front 73

what are continuous cell lines?

Back 73

tumor lineage, HEp-2 and HeLa

Front 74

Parvovirus B19 is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 74

Parvovirus B19 is a single stranded DNA virus.

Front 75

Hepatitis B virus is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 75

Hepatitis B is a double stranded DNA virus.

NOTE: enveloped

Front 76

Polyomaviruses (JC and BK) are (single or double) stranded (linear or circular) (DNA or RNA) viruses.

Back 76

Polyomaviruses (JC and BK) are double stranded circular DNA viruses.

Front 77

HPV is a (single or double) stranded (linear or circular) (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 77

HPV is a double stranded circular DNA virus.

Front 78

Adenovirus is (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 78

Adenovirus is double stranded DNA virus.

Front 79

Name 5 members of the Herpesviridae family.

Back 79

EBV, CMV, VZV, HSV, HHV8

Front 80

Members of Herpesviridae are (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) viruses.

Back 80

Members of Herpesviridae are double stranded DNA viruses.

Front 81

Members of Poxviridae are (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) viruses.

Back 81

Members of Poxviridae are double stranded DNA viruses.

NOTE: members include smallpox, vaccinia, molluscum contagiosum

Front 82

Rotavirus is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 82

Rotavirus is a double stranded RNA virus.

Front 83

Hepatitis C is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 83

Hepatitis C is a single stranded RNA virus.

NOTE: Plus–stranded single–stranded RNA

Front 84

Influenza is a (single or double) stranded (DNA or RNA) virus.

Back 84

Influenza is a single stranded RNA virus.

NOTE: is a minus–stranded single–stranded RNA virus and enveloped

Front 85

Name 2 retroviruses.

Back 85

HIV, HTLV

Front 86

Name that cytopathic effect:
Rounding and aggregation in grape–like clusters usually in 2–10 days. Best seen in the HEP–2 line.

Back 86

Adenovirus

Front 87

Name that cytopathic effect:
Small foci of rounded cells usually in 5–21 days. Best seen in the HDF line.

Back 87

CMV

Front 88

Name that cytopathic effect:
Refractile, angular or tear–shaped in 2–8 days. Best seen in the PMK line.

Back 88

Enterovirus

Front 89

Name that cytopathic effect:
Rounded, swollen, refractile, syncytia in 1–5 days. Best seen in the HEP–2 and HDF lines.

Back 89

HSV

Front 90

Name that cytopathic effect:
Degeneration in 2–10 days. Best seen in the PMK line.

Back 90

Influenza

Front 91

Name that cytopathic effect:
CPE usually absent in 5–10 days. (2)

Back 91

Mumps and parainfluenza

Front 92

Name that cytopathic effect:
Syncytia in 3–10 days. Best seen in HEP–2 line.

Back 92

RSV

Front 93

Name that cytopathic effect:
Foci of rounded swollen refractile cells in 5–28 days. Best seen in HDF.

Back 93

VZV

Front 94

Are rapid antigen tests sensitive or not?

Back 94

Not sensitive.

NOTE: available for influenza, RSV, adenovirus

Front 95

Viral histopathology:
This virus only has intranuclear inclusions (not intracytoplasmic). Early inclusions are eosinophilic, finely granular, smaller and herpes–like; late inclusions are deeply basophilic and larger, with nucleocytoplasmic blurring (i.e. smudge cells).

Back 95

Adenovirus

Front 96

Viral histopathology:
This virus has both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions. Characterized by cytomegaly, the nucleolus is often retained; single, amphophilic intranuclear (Cowdry A) inclusion forms early on. Intracytoplasmic inclusions are multiple, smaller, basophilic, GMS and PAS positive tend to form late.

Back 96

CMV

Front 97

Viral histopathology:
This virus has only intranuclear inclusions. There are no intracytoplasmic inclusions. Early inclusions are amphophilic with "ground glass" appearance; late inclusions eosinophilic, homogenous (Cowdry A) and surrounded by clear halo, with marginated chromatin; multinucleated syncytia (giant cells) and "molding".

Back 97

HSV

Front 98

Viral histopathology:
This virus does not produce inclusions.

Back 98

Influenza

Front 99

Viral histopathology:
This virus produces both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions. Associated with multinucleated giant cells (a.k.a. Warthin–Findelday giant cells); intranuclear inclusions are herpes like. Intracytoplasmic inclusions are pleomorphic, deeply eosinophilic, hyalinized, and tallow–like.

Back 99

Measles

Front 100

Viral histopathology:
This virus does not produce intranuclear inclusions and only very rarely produces intracytoplasmic inclusions. Associated with multinucleated giant cells (syncytia), when intracytoplasmic inclusions are present, tend to be pleomorphic.

Back 100

Parainfluenza

Front 101

Viral histopathology:
This virus only produces intracytoplasmic inclusions and not intranuclear inclusions. Tends to form multinucleation and multiple discrete, smoothly contoured and deeply eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions.

Back 101

RSV

Front 102

Viral histopathology:
This virus only has cytoplasmic inclusions called Negri Bodies (eosinophilic balls). No syncytia.

Back 102

Rabies

Front 103

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg negative
Anti–HBc negative
Anti–HBs negative

Back 103

Never infected, never vaccinated/immunized

Front 104

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg negative
Anti–HBc negative
Anti–HBs positive

Back 104

Vaccinated/immunized

Front 105

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg positive
Anti–HBc positive (IgM)
Anti–HBs negative

Back 105

Acute infection

Front 106

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg positive
Anti–HBc positive (IgG)
Anti–HBs negative

Back 106

Chronic HBV

Front 107

What is the HBV status?
HBsAg negative
Anti–HBc positive
Anti–HBs positive

Back 107

Prior HBV infection, now recovered and immune

Front 108

What percentage of people infected with HCV will develop chronic infection?

How about cirrhosis?

HCC?

Back 108

Chronic infection: 55–85%

Cirrhosis: 10–15% of chronically infected people develop cirrhosis

HCC: 5% of those with cirrhosis develop HCC

Front 109

What are 3 extrahepatic manifestations of HCV?

Back 109

Mixed cyroglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, aplastic anemia

Front 110

What is the HCV status?
Anti–HCV negative
HCV RNA negative

Back 110

No infection

Front 111

What is the HCV status?
Anti–HCV positive
HCV RNA negative

Back 111

– False positive Anti–HCV, no infection
– Recent recovery from acute HCV

NOTE: recommend retesting in a few weeks.

Front 112

What is the HCV status?
Anti–HCV negative
HCV RNA positive

Back 112

– Possible early HCV infection
– Possible chronic HCV in immunosuppressed person
– Possible false negative anti–HCV due to hemodialysis

NOTE: recommend retesting in several weeks

Front 113

What is the HCV status?
Anti–HCV positive
HCV RNA positive

Back 113

Infected

Front 114

How many HCV genotypes?

Back 114

9

Front 115

What is the response rate of combination peginterferon alpha with ribavirin in genotypes 1, 2, and 3?

What is the most common genotype in the USA?

Back 115

Genotype 1: 40% response
Genotype 2, 3: 70% response

Most common genotype is 1 (80%).

NOTE: genotype 2 = 20%; genotype 3 = 5%

Front 116

A positive HIV Western blot is defined as what by the CDC?

Back 116

Any two of the followign bands:
– p24
– gp41
– gp120 or gp160