Introduction
Hepatitis is a condition of the liver inflammation that may be caused by bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins or transfusion of incompatible blood.
Hepatitis viruses, which can be sexually transmitted, represent a heterogeneous group of genetically unrelated viruses that target the hepatocytes (liver cells), causing hepatitis. The hepatitis viruses are remarkably different in their physical structure pathology, and epidemiology. And although hepatitis is an ancient disease, it has only been in recent that these various viruses responsible for hepatitis have been recognized.
Five categories of hepatitis virus have been identified, designated alphabetically from A to E. Each subtype of hepatitis …show more content…
Epidemics of HAV infection may occur in select communities, causing adding risk.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B, which was first reported in 1961, is a common sexually transmitted disease with potentially serious complications, including death. In the United States, HBV leads to an estimated 6,000 deaths annually. HBV is primarily transmitted by blood, although others body fluids such as a semen, or another body fluid from a person infected with the hepatitis B virus can potentially transmit the virus. Exchanges of blood and other body fluids during intimate contact, perinatal-maternal transfer, blood transfusions and unsafe needles are modes of transmissions.
This syndrome is characterized by a reddened skin rash, joint pain and frank arthritis that may affect both large joints of the extremities and he proximal interphalangeal joints (between the fingers) of the hands. HBV infection can be self-limited or chronic. Symptoms of acute infection include fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and muscle ache. Signs include jaundice of the eyes and skin and presence of bile in the …show more content…
The lipid envelope of HDV contains hepatitis B surface antigen while the core of the virus consists of the HDV RNA genome and hepatitis D antigen. Discovered in 1989, HDV is a blood borne virus. HDV is transmitted by exposure to virus contaminated blood and is endemic among hepatitis B infected patients in the Mediterranean region where it was first described. HDV infection occurs only in individuals with acute or chronic hepatitis B infection.
Current studies show that the hepatitis D virus is probably sexually transmitted, since the incidence of HDV is higher among homosexual men with the HBV than it is in intravenous drug users with hepatitis B. In epidemiological studies, the presence of antibodies to hepatitis D was found to be associated with an increased number of sex partners. Although sexual transmission of HDV is probably uncommon, infections associated with HDV have a higher incidence of mortality. The hepatitis B vaccine offers protection against HDV because HBV is necessary for HDV replication.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is a condition of the liver inflammation that may be caused by bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins or transfusion of incompatible blood.
Hepatitis viruses, which can be sexually transmitted, represent a heterogeneous group of genetically unrelated viruses that target the hepatocytes (liver cells), causing hepatitis. The hepatitis viruses are remarkably different in their physical structure pathology, and epidemiology. And although hepatitis is an ancient disease, it has only been in recent that these various viruses responsible for hepatitis have been recognized.
Five categories of hepatitis virus have been identified, designated alphabetically from A to E. Each subtype of hepatitis …show more content…
Epidemics of HAV infection may occur in select communities, causing adding risk.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B, which was first reported in 1961, is a common sexually transmitted disease with potentially serious complications, including death. In the United States, HBV leads to an estimated 6,000 deaths annually. HBV is primarily transmitted by blood, although others body fluids such as a semen, or another body fluid from a person infected with the hepatitis B virus can potentially transmit the virus. Exchanges of blood and other body fluids during intimate contact, perinatal-maternal transfer, blood transfusions and unsafe needles are modes of transmissions.
This syndrome is characterized by a reddened skin rash, joint pain and frank arthritis that may affect both large joints of the extremities and he proximal interphalangeal joints (between the fingers) of the hands. HBV infection can be self-limited or chronic. Symptoms of acute infection include fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and muscle ache. Signs include jaundice of the eyes and skin and presence of bile in the …show more content…
The lipid envelope of HDV contains hepatitis B surface antigen while the core of the virus consists of the HDV RNA genome and hepatitis D antigen. Discovered in 1989, HDV is a blood borne virus. HDV is transmitted by exposure to virus contaminated blood and is endemic among hepatitis B infected patients in the Mediterranean region where it was first described. HDV infection occurs only in individuals with acute or chronic hepatitis B infection.
Current studies show that the hepatitis D virus is probably sexually transmitted, since the incidence of HDV is higher among homosexual men with the HBV than it is in intravenous drug users with hepatitis B. In epidemiological studies, the presence of antibodies to hepatitis D was found to be associated with an increased number of sex partners. Although sexual transmission of HDV is probably uncommon, infections associated with HDV have a higher incidence of mortality. The hepatitis B vaccine offers protection against HDV because HBV is necessary for HDV replication.
Hepatitis