Microbiology Test 4

Front 1

Polio is a viral disease spread by the fecal oral route where drinking water contaminated by the virus shed in feces can cause an intestinal infection. This disease is controlled by vaccination. Which one of the following vaccine types will provide a person with antibody protection in the blood and lymph which is protection against paralysis but not in the gut tissue which the virus naturally infects?

Back 1

Inactivated (killed) vaccine

Front 2

The bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae is pathogenic when it has a capsule but non pathogenic when when it cannot produce a capsule. What does the capsule do to make the bacterium pathogenic?

Back 2

The capsule sugars prevent phagocytic cells from engulfing and killing them

Front 3

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram positive bacterium that is rarely pathogenic but can cause disease under some circumstances. Which of the following does not describe a characteristic of S. Epidermidis when it is causing problems for a patient?

Back 3

The bacterium can release a toxin that causes hemolysis of red blood cells

Front 4

If s bacterium passes through the blood brain barrier it can cause inflammation of the tissues that surround the brain and spinal cord. This type of inflammation is called?

Back 4

Meningitis

Front 5

True or false? An organisms phenotype consists of all of the genes in the cells and the genotype is how those genes are expressed into proteins by the cells to produce the structures we may be able to see like eye color.

Back 5

False

Front 6

A friend calls to say that his child has picked up a bat that looked sick and the bat bit the child. Which one of the following actions would you likely tell your friend to take in this situation?

Back 6

Wash the bite site immediately with soap and water

Front 7

When an antibiotic has selective toxicity it will have all of the following properties except which one?

Back 7

It will not kill any of the bacteria that make up our normal microbiota

Front 8

Which of the following characteristics of the chickenpox virus explains how it may eventually cause some people to develop shingles?

Back 8

The virus will enter peripheral nerves and remain dormant until reactivated

Front 9

Which of the following are not usually associated with staphylococcus aureus?

Back 9

Biofilm formation on catheters

Front 10

Which of the following does not describe a function of the skin?

Back 10

The skin and all of its structures always acts as a complete barrier against infection

Front 11

Meningitis can occur when a microorganism is able to pass through the blood brain barrier. Once it is in the bloodstream which of the following mechanisms is most likely to help a microorganism get through this barrier?

Back 11

The immune systems inflammatory response can make the barrier leaky

Front 12

Of the following statements which one does not correctly describe or define mutations?

Back 12

A mutation is always caused by exposure to toxic chemicals

Front 13

The shingles vaccine is recommend for which one of the following groups?

Back 13

Individuals over 60 years of age

Front 14

Some bacteria contain self replicating circular DNA molecules. These molecules contain genes for metabolism, toxins, or antibiotic resistance. These circular DNA molecules are called?

Back 14

Plasmids

Front 15

Several days after eating raw honey with her cereal an infant has become weak, floppy, and is not eating. Which of the following was likely ingested with the honey that caused the symptoms in the infant?

Back 15

Endospores from C. Botulinum

Front 16

Which of the following microorganisms cause cutaneous mycoses, fungal infections of the skin?

Back 16

Tinea capitas- ringworm

Front 17

Which of the following organisms is most often associated with beta hemolysis, the ability to produce a toxin that can completely burst red blood cells?

Back 17

Staphylococcus pyogenes

Front 18

Which of the following statements does not properly describe conjunctivitis?

Back 18

Conjunctivitis is caused only by viral infections and not by bacteria

Front 19

Clostridium tetani releases a neurotoxin during an infection. Which of the following statements best describes the action of this toxin against the nervous system?

Back 19

The toxin prevents the release of neurotransmitters at the nerve synapses

Front 20

In a cell molecule of RNA polymerase will bind to the beginning region of a gene and copy that gene into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) the name of this process is?

Back 20

Transcription

Front 21

In some cases antibiotics are used in combination where 2 different antibiotics are used to treat an infection. This is an example of?

Back 21

Drug synergism

Front 22

An antibiotic used to treat a bacterial infection is usually able to contact the bacteria and enter the cell. Once inside the bacterium especially if its is in the periplasmic space, it is recognized and bound by a bacterial protein and pumped out of the cell. Which one of the following describes this type of antibiotic resistance?

Back 22

Efflux of antibiotic out of the bacterium

Front 23

Which of the following statements does not describe the measles virus or the disease it causes?

Back 23

A person with measles Is only infectious when they have developed a rash on their body and extremities

Front 24

What is the bacterial target for sulfonamide antibiotics like those found in septra (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim)

Back 24

They disrupt metabolic pathways that produce nucleic acids

Front 25

In a cell strand of mRNA will link to a ribosome, transfer RNAs carrying amino acids will link to the mRNA by complementary base paring and the amino acids will be brought together and linked by peptide bonds one at a time. This process produces a polypeptide. The name of this process is?

Back 25

Translation

Front 26

Which of the following processes does not contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance?

Back 26

Taking the appropriate antibiotic and completing the entire prescription in the prescribed time

Front 27

The blood brain barrier controls what substances in the blood can enter thr brain and the spinal cord. Which one of the following does not properly describe the structure or function of the blood brain barrier?

Back 27

The barrier is designed to be leaky and allow in substances like glucose since the brain is well protected by the meninges

Front 28

The three types of bacteria cause most cases of bacteria meningitis. H. Influenza type b N. Meningitis and S. Pneumoniae. Which of the following bacterial structures is common to all three types and plays an important role in virulence?

Back 28

Capsule

Front 29

Which of the following microorganisms can cause facial lesions or blisters? This organism is commonly found in latent state in the facial nerves and can be reactivated by sun exposure or stress.

Back 29

Herpes simplex virus- 1 (hsv-1)

Front 30

Which of the following does not occur when a person develops acne?

Back 30

Inflammatory acne cannot be treated with antibiotics or skin drying agents through the open follicles

Front 31

Pediculus humanis capitas or head lice are common in school aged children throughout the US. Which one of the following statements does not correctly describe this organism, its transmission or treatment?

Back 31

Adult lice lay their eggs in the scalp making them very difficult to remove

Front 32

True or false? Scaled skin syndrome is a disease caused by staphylococcus aureus. The bacteria release an exfoliative toxin that splits the skin layers and causes the top layer to peel off. Impetigo is also caused by s. Aureus it is a localized response the exfoliative toxin.

Back 32

True

Front 33

Scarlet fever is caused by a throat or possibly skin infection. The infectious organism produces an erythrogenic or skin reddening toxin. Which of the following microorganisms can cause scarlet fever?

Back 33

Streptococcus pyogenes

Front 34

True or false? Haemophilus influenza type b does not produce an endotoxin but its extracellular polysaccharides are antiphagocytic and this allows the bacterium to invade the immune system so that it can spread in the blood and lymph and this can cause meningitis and pneumonia.

Back 34

True

Front 35

True or false? One of the risk factors for niesseria meningitides is living in crowded conditions like dormitories or possibly having lectures in crowded lecture halls.

Back 35

True

Front 36

True or false? Naeglaria Fowleri is an amoebic that is found in bodies of water especially warm hot springs. This organism can invade your brain and cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (pam). You get this disease when amoeba invade a deep puncture wound in your skin.

Back 36

False

Front 37

True or false? A missense mutation occurs when a single base change in a gene causes insertion of a different amino acid in a protein. A nonsense mutation occurs when a single base change in a gene forms a stop codon and ends the formation of the polypeptide prematurely.

Back 37

True

Front 38

When exposed to UV radiation which one of the following can happen to the DNA in a skin cell?

Back 38

The UV radiation can cause bonding between adjacent thymine (T) nucleotide bases making repair necessary.

Front 39

Another friend of yours drops by complaining of a bad itch on their arm. You look at the area and see small elevated red lines winding through the skin and also see dried puss. They mention that another family member has a similar itch. Which organism is likely the cause of this itching?

Back 39

Scabies

Front 40

Which one of the following statements does not properly describe trachoma caused by chlamydia trachomatis?

Back 40

Only surgery is an effective treatment not antibiotics

Front 41

A substance produced by a microbe that in small amounts inhibits or kills another microbe is an?

Back 41

Antibiotic

Front 42

Penicillin is accidentally used to treat a methicillin resistant staph aureus (mrsa) bacterial infection. The penicillin treatment is of course ineffective due to the action of this antibiotic resistant bacterium. Which one of the following describes the process of antibiotic resistance used by MRSA?

Back 42

Inactivation of antibiotic by bacterial enzymes

Front 43

Some bacteria when exposed to penicillin can mutate their enzymes and become resistant to the drug. The common name for a bacterial enzyme that can break down and inactivate penicillin is?

Back 43

Penicillinase

Front 44

Which one of the following organisms is most often associated with beta hemolysis (causes complete hemolysis)?

Back 44

Streptococcus pyogenes

Front 45

Clostridium botulinum releases a neurotoxin during an infection. Which of the following statements best describes the action of this toxin against the nervous system?

Back 45

The toxin prevents acetylcholine vesicle binding and release of neurotransmitters

Front 46

The following list contains 3 signs and one symptom. Which one is the symptom?

Back 46

Nausea