Microbiology Test

Front 1

Capsid

Back 1

The protein shell of a virus

Front 2

Nucleic Acid

Back 2

DNA, RNA, enclosed in a capsid

Front 3

Bacteriophage

Back 3

A virus that infects and replicated within bacteria

Front 4

Viral Specificity

Back 4

Whether or not a virus can attach to a cell

Front 5

Lytic Cycle

Back 5

The virus attaches to the bacterium and injects it’s own DNA into the bacterium. The DNA then synthesizes to replicate viral nucleic acid and protein. The viral particles then self assume into new viruses and the viruses overrun the host cell and burst free killing the host cell.

Front 6

Lysogenic Cycle

Back 6

The phage attaches to the bacterium and injects it’s DNA into the bacterium. The phage DNA then circulates and integrates with the bacterium’s DNA. The virus remains dormant as the bacterium replicated with the viruses information. When the bacterium is at its most vulnerable state, the dormant virus becomes active.

Front 7

Prions

Back 7

Proteininaceous infectious particle only made of protein

Front 8

Prophage

Back 8

A phage genome inserted and integrated into the circular bacterium without disrupting the cell, virus can infect bacteria

Front 9

Prokaryotic cell

Back 9

Includes bacteria, lack of nucleus, and lack membrane bound organelle

Front 10

Capsule

Back 10

Gel like coating on the outside of the cell helps cells attach to its environment

Front 11

Eubacteria

Back 11

All other bacteria, true bacteria, found everywhere

Front 12

Archaebacteria

Back 12

Extreme bacteria, methogens live in digestive track of animals, thermoacidphiles live in hot acidic water, some oxygen free environments

Front 13

Bacillus

Back 13

Rod shaped bacteria

Front 14

Spirilus

Back 14

Spiral shaped bacteria

Front 15

Coccus

Back 15

Round/Sphere shaped bacteria

Front 16

Endospore

Back 16

Highly resistant resting position within cell. Highly resistant ensure the survival of the bacterium through periods of environmental stress.

Front 17

Conjugation

Back 17

“Sexual Reproduction” one bacterium transfers all or part of their chromosome to another cell using a ‘bridge’ called pillus that connects the two cells

Front 18

Fermentation

Back 18

Extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen (ie. type of bacteria that converts lactose into lactic acid in Greek yogurt, gives sour taste)

Front 19

Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Back 19

Bacteria that can grow both in the presence or absence of oxygen

Front 20

Autotrophic bacteria

Back 20

Obtain energy from inorganic/nonliving sources

Front 21

Photosynthetic Bacteria

Back 21

Capture sunlight and convert it into food

Front 22

Chemoautotrophic bacteria

Back 22

Energy comes from inorganic molecules such as nitrogen, sulphur, hydrogen and iron compounds

Front 23

Heterophic Bacteria

Back 23

Obtain energy from living/organic sources, play a role in the decay of organic molecules and recycling nutrients

Front 24

Saprobic Bacteria

Back 24

Feed on dead decaying matter

Front 25

Parasitic Bacteria

Back 25

Any bacteria that can infect a host multiply with the host and spread to another organism

Front 26

Gram Positive

Back 26

Contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan that can absorb stain

Front 27

Gram Negative

Back 27

Contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan that does not absorb stain

Front 28

Ribosome

Back 28

Protein synthesizing factories of the cell (black dots in cytoplasm)

Front 29

Mitochondria

Back 29

The power house of the cell (produce energy)

Front 30

Cell Membrane

Back 30

Barrier between the internal and external environment important in transfer of molecules into and out of the cell. Bi-lipid with protein channels retains the cytoplasm in the cell.

Front 31

Pilli

Back 31

Hair like appendages on the surface of the bacteria, help adhere to surfaces. Used in bacterial conjugation

Front 32

Flagella

Back 32

Helps bacteria move

Front 33

Aerobic Bacteria

Back 33

Require oxygen to preform cellular respiration

Front 34

Anaerobic Bacteria

Back 34

Do not live or grow where oxygen is present

Front 35

Antigen

Back 35

Substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response, induce antibodies

Front 36

Antibodies

Back 36

Y-shape protein produced by plasma cells in order to neutralize pathogens

Front 37

Immune System

Back 37

The bodies defence against infectious organisms

Front 38

Vaccine

Back 38

Biological preparation that provides an agent that resembles a disease to prepare immune system and make it immune to that disease

Front 39

Antibiotics

Back 39

Substance active against bacteria

Front 40

Decomposers

Back 40

An organism that decomposes organic matter

Front 41

Nitrogen Fixation

Back 41

Process in which the atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds

Front 42

Symbiotic Bacteria

Back 42

Forms association with other organisms in which bacteria as well as the host are benefited

Front 43

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back 43

Eucaryote- single/multi cell, plants, insects, fungi

Prokaryote- Bacteria no nucleus, or membrane bound organelles

Front 44

Archea and Eubacteria

Back 44

Eubacteria- larger more common kingdom, cell wall contains peptidoglycan

Archaebacteria- rare group that lives in extreme environments cell walls lack peptidoglycan

Front 45

Conjunction vs binary fision

Back 45

Conjunction- sexual reproduction (transfer of genetic material)

Binary fission- asexual reproduction (copies chromosome attachs to membrane, separate, cell divides)

Front 46

Heterotrophic vs Autotrophic

Back 46

Heterotrophs- obtain energy from organic sources

Autotrophs- obtain energy from inorganic sources (self feeding)

Front 47

Aerobic vs Anaerobic

Back 47

Aerobic- needs air

Anaerobic- no air

Front 48

Antibiotics vs. Antiseptic

Back 48

Antibiotics- medicine that kills microorganisms

Antiseptic- slow the growth of bacteria

Front 49

Bacteria

Back 49

Lack of membrane bound organelles, no nucleus (DNA in centre of nucleod

Front 50

2 reasons Bacteria is bad

Back 50

Causes diseases and spoils food

Front 51

2 ways bacteria get nutrients

Back 51

Heterotrophs and autotrophs