Microbiology - Retroviruses

Front 1

Which are the positive stranded RNA Viruses?

Back 1

Retro Corona and Flavorful Cali Pizza ToGo :

Retrovirus
Coronavirus
Flavivirus
Calicivirus
Picovirus
Togavirus

Front 2

What RNA have associated polymerases?

Back 2

all negative stranded and the retrovirus has a RNA dependnet DNA polymerase

Front 3

Viruses of the Retroviridae family?

Back 3

HTLV (I and II) and HIV 1 and 2

Front 4

What HIV clade is prevalent in the US?

Back 4

Subtype B

Front 5

What HIV clade is prevalent where infection rates are high (africa)?

Back 5

subtype C

Front 6

Gag codes for?

Back 6

structural proteins (Group Ag)

Front 7

pol codes for?

Back 7

polymerases

Front 8

env codes for?

Back 8

glycoproteins

Front 9

What encases the retrovirus genome?

Back 9

the p24 protein forms the core around two RNA strands

Front 10

What are the two RNA strands within p24 coated with?

Back 10

nucleocapsid

Front 11

What is within the p24 protein core?

Back 11

the two RNA strands bound with nucleocapsid, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and t-RNA

Front 12

What is the HIV target cell and receptor?

Back 12

CD4 with CXCR4 on T-Cells
CD4 with CCR5 on macrophages and T-cells

Front 13

What chemokine receptors does HIV glycoproteins attach to?

Back 13

CXCR4/CCR5 and CD4

Front 14

What initiates fusion of HIV to host cell?

Back 14

gp120 binding to CD4 and a chemokine receptor (either CXR4 or CCR5)

Front 15

What happens after HIV-host cell fusion?

Back 15

dsDNA is transcribed with the reverse transcriptase and migrates into the nucleus to be integrated into host chromosome with viral integrase

Front 16

What is viral protease and why is it so essential for infectivity?

Back 16

It cleaves itself out then cleaves out all the other proteins

Front 17

How are HIV virions released?

Back 17

by budding

Front 18

Diseas caused by HTLV-1?

Back 18

human t-cell leukemia via transformation of t-cells;

also tropical spastic paraparesis;

Front 19

Diseases caused by HTLV-2?

Back 19

Hairy cell leukemia

Front 20

Death due to HTLV-2 caused by?

Back 20

infection or organ infiltration due to hairy cell leukemia

Front 21

Clinical course of HIV?

Back 21

1) 1-2 week incubation period
2) nonspecific viral symptoms before seroconversion for 4 weeks
3) Seroconversion at 8 weeks post exposure - Ab to p24 and gp41
4) latent 10 yrs with progressive destruction of TCells
5) AIDS

Front 22

HIV antibodies are against what?

Back 22

p24 then gp42 then V3 loop

Front 23

Definition of aids?

Back 23

CD4 count <200/ul or development of AIDS defining opportunistic infections

Front 24

Main reservoir of unrestrictive active infection of HIV?

Back 24

lymphoid tissues especially around germinal centers with highest burdern early in infection

Front 25

Why is HIV such a hard virus to eliminate?

Back 25

there is such a high replication rate that mutations arise very frequently because of errors in REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE activity

Front 26

What are quasispecies?

Back 26

the continuous generation of variant strains (of HIV) within an individual due to transcription errors by reverse transcriptase

Front 27

What three factors most dictate disease progress in an HIV patient?

Back 27

1) emergence of quasispecies
2)recombination of HIV subtypes and co-infection
3) CD4 cell level and replicative ability

Front 28

Maraviroc

Back 28

CCr5 inhibitor

Front 29

Enfuvirtide

Back 29

ENhibits FUsion of VIRus (ENFUVIR)

Front 30

Reltegravir

Back 30

inteGRAase VIRal inhibitor

Front 31

-"anvir" or "-navir"

Back 31

protease VIRal inhibitor