Module 6 - Protozoans

Front 1

Protozoans

Back 1

This are free living, single celled, eukaryotic cells with a cytoplasmic membrane and cellular organelles, including 1 or 2 nuclei, mitochondria, food vacuoles, and endoplasmic reticulum.

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Ectoplasm

Back 2

This is the outer layer of protozoal cytoplasm.

Hint 2

-plasm

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Endoplasm

Back 3

This is the inner layer of the protozoal cytoplasm.

Hint 3

-plasm

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Cytosome

Back 4

This is the so-called "mouth" of the protozoans.

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Cyst

Back 5

This is the form of protozoans when they are in a harsh environment; the most infectious form of protozoa

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Trophozoite

Back 6

The growing form of protozoa.

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Nergleria fowlerii

Back 7

This is called the "brain-eating amoeba"

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Entamoeba histolytica

Back 8

This protozoa causes bloody diarrhea.

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Sausage-shaped chromatid

Back 9

Entamoeba histolytica has what shape of chromatid?

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Pseudopods

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The movement or locomotion of Entamoeba histolytica is associated with its feet-like structure called:

Hint 10

"FALSE FEET"

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Feco-oral route

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Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted via:

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Metronidazole

Back 12

This is used in the treatment of amoebiasis.

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Entamoeba histolytica

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Trophozoites of this protozoa is a motile bulls-eyed shaped nucleus with RBC in cytoplasm.

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Giardiasis

Back 14

This is also known as "beaver fever"

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Giardia lamblia

Back 15

This is present in clear mountain spring; known as "camper's diarrhea"

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Giardia lamblia

Back 16

This protozoa is seen in the microscope as "old man's eyeglasses"

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Flagyl®

Back 17

The brand name of metronidazole

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Giardiasis

Back 18

This infection produces a foul smelling greasy diarrhea

Hint 18

"Greasy"

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Giardia lamblia

Back 19

This protozoa has a falling leaf motion.

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Metronidazole

Back 20

This is used in the treatment of giardiasis.

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Trichomonas vaginalis

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A sexually transmitted protozoal infection that can be treated with metronidazole.

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Back 22

A protozoa with NO cyst stage with flagellated trophozoites.

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Trichomoniasis

Back 23

An infection that produced a yellow-green malodorous frothy vaginal disharge.

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Trichomoniasis

Amoebiasis

Giardiasis

Anaerobic rods—Clostridium (g +), Bacteroides (g -)

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These are infections treated by metronidazole.

Hint 24

"TAGA"

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Malaria

Back 25

This is the infection caused by Plasmodium falciparum; has a literal meaning of "bad air"

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P. falciparum

P. vivax

P. ovale

P. malariae

P. knowlesii (non-human malaria)

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These are the five species of Plasmodium that causes malarial infection.

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Plasmodium falciparum

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This is the most common and the deadliest specie of plasmodium.

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P. vivax

P. ovale

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These two species of Plasmodium are known as the tertian malaria.

Hint 28

VO-3

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P. malariae

Back 29

This is known to cause quartan malaria.

Hint 29

M4

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Female anopheles mosquito

Back 30

Malaria is carried and transmitted by what type of insect?

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Hypnozoite

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This is the exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium which is dormant in the liver; causes "Relapsing Malaria"

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Chloroquine

Back 32

This is the drug of choice for erythrocytic Plasmodium falcifarum.

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Trypanosoma brucei var. rhodesiense

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This is the causative agent of East African sleeping sickness.

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Typanosoma brucei var. gambiense

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This infection is commonly called as West African sleeping sickness.

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Tse-tse fly

Back 35

African trypanosomes are transmitted thru the bite of:

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Melarsoprol

Suramin

Back 36

Used to treat African trypanosomes but is toxic; only used if the CNS is infected.

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Chaga's disease

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This is commonly known as the South American sleeping sickness.

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Kissing bug or reduviid bug

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American trypanosoma is transmitted by the insect:

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Reduviid bug

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Kissing bug, the vector of American trypanosoma, is also called as:

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Trypanosoma cruzi

Back 40

Chaga's disease is caused by what organism?

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Nifurtimox

Benznidazole

Back 41

They are used in the treatment of Chaga's disease (South American sleeping sickness).

Hint 41

"Mercedez BENZ with a NItro booster!"

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Mosquito (SEXual --> MOsquito)

Back 42

The sexual form of Plasmodium is in the:

Hint 42

"SEX MO, AH!"

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Human (Asexual --> Human)

Back 43

The asexual form of Plasmodium is in the:

Hint 43

"SEX MO, AH!"

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Kissing bug or the Reduviid bug

Back 44

This insect is known to defecate on human skin while feeding or biting.

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Toxoplasma gondii

Back 45

This organism can be acquired thru the inhalation of cysts from cat feces.

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tOXOplasmosis

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This infection caused by a protozoa causes mainly optical and neurologic manifestation e.g. chorioretinitis, blindness, mental retardation and microcephaly.

Hint 46

"The OXO looks like eyes and an (X) mark on the center referring to the brain."

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Sulfadiazene + pyrimethamine

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Treatment for toxoplasmosis.

Hint 47

Combination. One is commonly used for burn patients.

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TO-xoplasmosis

R-ubella

C-ytomegalovirus

HE-patitis, H-IV

S-yphilis

Back 48

These are microbial infections that can cross the placental barrier; can be transmitted vertically (from mother to fetus)

Hint 48

"TO-R-C-HE-S"

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Leishmania tropica

Back 49

This is the causative agent for oriental sore; Leishmania sp.

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Leishmaniasis

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A zoonotic disease acquired from sandfly.

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Kala-azar disease

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The other name for Visceral Leishmaniasis; a condition manifested by hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.

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L. tropica (oriental sore)

L. chagasi (visceral)

L. donovani (visceral)

L. braziliensis

L. major

Back 52

The causative agents for Leishmaniasis are: (5)

Hint 52

"DON CHA go to the MAJOR TROPICAL part of BRAZIL! It has many sandfly"

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L. donovani

L. chagasi

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The causativr agents of Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar disease are: (2)

Hint 53

"DON CHA"

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Antimonial stibogluconate (Stibofen®)

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The treatment of Leishmaniasis; it is very toxic because it contains a heavy metal.

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Toxoplasma encephalitis

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A protozoa that is the most common causative agent for CNS infection in AIDs patients.

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Primaquine

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This is only effective for exo-erythrocytic stage of Plasmodia; the radical cure of P vivax and P ovale

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Mefloquine

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Effective single agent for suppressing and curing multidrug-resistant form of Plasmodium falcifarum

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Quinine

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A cinchona alkaloid reserved for malarial strains resistant to other agents.

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Chloroquine

Back 59

Used to treat extra-intestinal infection of Entamoeba histolytica.

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Hydroxychloroquine

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An anti-malarial agents that is also used as DMARDs.

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Metallic taste

Disulfiram-like effect

Back 61

The two most common side effect of Metronidazole.