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232 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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It has a true nucleus |
Eukaryotes |
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True or false Eukaryote’s nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane |
True |
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No true nucleus |
Prokaryotes |
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Ribosome of Eukaryote |
80s |
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Proposed the theory of abiogenesis |
Rudolf Virchow |
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A theory in which a living organism can arise from a non living |
Theory of abiogenesis |
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Ribosome of prokaryotes |
70s |
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Size of eukaryotes |
10-100 mm |
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Size of prokaryotes |
< 1 mm |
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True or false Helminth is a microorganism |
False |
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Study of algae |
Phycology |
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Father of microbiology |
Antoni Van Leewenhoek |
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What does Leeuwenhoek discovered on a rainwater which he termed the small moving organisms as ______? |
Animalcules |
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Term that causes a pain |
Beasties |
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Father of taxonomy |
Carolus linnaeus |
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Theory which a living organism can arise from a non living organism |
Theory of Abiogenesis |
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Theory which a living organism can arise from a non living organism |
Theory of Abiogenesis |
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Other name of theory of abiogenesis |
Spontaneous Generation |
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Proposed the theory of biogenesis |
Louis Pasteur |
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Glassware used by Louis Pasteur |
Swan neck flask or pasteur flask |
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Proposed the theory of biogenesis |
Louis Pasteur |
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Glassware used by Louis Pasteur |
Swan neck flask or pasteur flask |
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A theory which a microorganism can cause a disease |
Germ theory of disease |
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Proposed the theory of biogenesis |
Louis Pasteur |
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Glassware used by Louis Pasteur |
Swan neck flask or pasteur flask |
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A theory which a microorganism can cause a disease |
Germ theory of disease |
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Who proposed the fractional sterilization |
John tyndall |
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He determined the causative agents of the disease |
Robert Koch |
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True or false The pathogen is always present in all cases of disease but should be present in healthy patients |
False |
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True or false The pathogen is always present in all cases of disease but should be present in healthy patients |
False |
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T/F The pathogen can be isolated from the disease host and grown in lab culture media |
True |
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The pathogen from the pure culture must produce from the replicate disease. True or False |
False |
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The pathogen from the pure culture must produce from the replicate disease. True or False |
False |
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What microorganisms did Robert Koch discovered? |
Cholera bacillus Anthrax “ Tuberculosis “ |
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The pathogen from the pure culture must produce from the replicate disease. True or False |
False |
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What microorganisms did Robert Koch discovered? |
Cholera bacillus Anthrax “ Tuberculosis “ |
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Who started the study of etiology? |
Robert Koch |
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Who discovered the petri dish? |
Richard Petri |
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It is a way or technique to classify the bacteria based on the peptidoglycan of the bacteria |
Gram stain |
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Who discovered the gram staining? |
Hans Christian Gram |
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Color of gram positive bacteria |
Violet |
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Discovered the magic bullet |
Paul Ehrlich |
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A substance that is toxic only to pathogen but not to the host |
Magic bullet |
Paul ehrlich |
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Salvarsan is also known as? |
Compound 606 or Arsphenamine |
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Discovered penicillin |
Alexander Fleming |
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Technique used to isolate the penicillin |
Freeze drying |
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Old name of penicillin |
Penicillium nonatum |
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New name of penicillin |
Penicillium chrysagenum |
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Treatment for Diphtheria eria |
Diphtheria antitoxin |
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Discovered the protonsil |
Gerhard domagk |
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Proposed the 5 kingdom system |
Robert whittaker |
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Color of gram negative bacteria |
Pink |
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Microorganism that is found in extreme environment |
ARCHEA |
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Cell wall of bacteria |
Peptidoglycan |
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Mode of reproduction of bacteria |
Binary fision |
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T/F Bacteria is a unicellular |
True |
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Use in primary stain |
Crystal violet |
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Use in Mordant stain |
Iodine solution |
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Use in decolorizer |
Alcohol/ Alcohol Acetone |
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Use in counterstain |
Saffranin |
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What is the color of saffranin |
Red/pink |
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Father of antiseptic surgery |
Joseph Lister |
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Who proposed the infection control of cholera |
John snow |
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Father of immunology |
Edward Jenner |
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What is the the shape of cocci? |
Spherical |
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What is the the shape of cocci? |
Spherical |
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What is the shape of strep. Pneumoniae |
Lancet shape |
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What is the the shape of cocci? |
Spherical |
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What is the shape of strep. Pneumoniae |
Lancet shape |
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What is the shape of N. gonorrhea |
Coffee bean shape |
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A pathogen that is an antibiotic resistant |
ESKAPE pathogen |
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A pathogen that is an antibiotic resistant |
ESKAPE pathogen |
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Enumerate the ESKAPE Pathogen |
Enterococcus faecum Staph aureus Kleibsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumanii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter species |
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A pathogen that is an antibiotic resistant |
ESKAPE pathogen |
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a carbohydrate-enriched coating that covers the outside of many eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, particularly bacteria |
Glycocalyx |
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Composition of capsule |
Polysaccharide Polypeptide |
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Antigen of Capsule |
K antigen |
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Staining technique of capsule |
Welch stain |
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It is use for adhesion and attachment ( thing and body part ) |
Slime layer |
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It is also known as wrapper of bacteria |
Bacterial cell envelope |
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Peptidoglycan is also known as? |
Murein |
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Basis of gram staining |
Peptidoglycan |
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It is a protein channels and it is used for the mechanism for the antibiotic resistance |
Porins |
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O polysaccharide is also known as |
O antigen/somatic antigen |
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Enumerate the ESKAPE Pathogen |
Enterococcus faecum Staph aureus Kleibsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumanii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter species |
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Lipid A is aka |
Pyrogen |
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A hair-like structure that is used for attachment to cells and it looks like a porcupine |
Fimbrae |
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A rod-like shape structure that is used for gene or DNA transfer |
Pili |
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Conjugation is aka |
Conjugating pili / sex pili |
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It is a long , whip like structure |
Flagella |
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Flagella has a ___ antigen |
H antigen |
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Flagellar arrangement: Single flagella is aka |
Monotrichous |
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Flagellar arrangement Tuft of flagella is aka |
Lofotrichous |
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Flagellar arrangement Cover the entire cell |
Peritrichous |
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Flagellar arrangement Both ends |
Amphitrichous |
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Shape of bacillus sp |
Rod shape |
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Flagellar arrangement Wrapped |
Endotrichous |
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Flagellar arrangement No flagella |
Atrichous |
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It is use for protein synthesis and has a subunit of 70s |
Ribosome |
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A circular piece of DNA That is not regulated by bacteria |
Plasmid |
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Spirilia is : stiff or flexible? |
Stiff |
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Spirochetes is: Stiff or flexible? |
Flexible |
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Example of spirochetes |
BaLuT Borrelia Leptospira Treponema |
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It is a rod shape bacteria curved to form comma |
Vibrio |
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Ability of a bacteria to change shape |
Pleomorphic |
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Example of pleomorphic bacteria |
CORYnebacterium MYCOplasma |
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It is a chinese letter arrangement. Picket Fence |
CORYnebacterium diphteriae |
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Advantage of plasmid that is used for fertility and can produce pili |
F plasmid |
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Advantage of plasmid that is used for resistance |
R plasmid |
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Advantage of Plasmid that is used for virulence |
V plasmid |
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It is a highly dormant cell and highly resistant from heating, drying, boiling, freezing,radiation,toxic substances |
Endospore |
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What is the pressure and temp of eliminating the endospore |
15 psi 121 degree C 15-20 mins |
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Bacteria that produces Spore |
Bacillus Clostridium |
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A process which activate the vegetative cell into an inactive endospore |
Sporolation |
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A process that is used to activate the endospore into an inactive vegetative cell |
Germination |
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Gram stain used on endospore |
Schaeffer-fulton endospore stain |
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Primary stain of Schaeffer-fulton |
Malachite green |
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Secondary stain of schaeffer fulton |
Saffranin |
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It is an ability to produce toxin |
Toxigenecity |
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A toxin that is produced by gram positive and gram negative bacteria; it is produced inside the cell |
Exotoxin |
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A type of toxin that is produced by gram negative bacteria and it is release when it undergo lysis |
Endotoxin |
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A type of toxin that is produced by gram negative bacteria and it is release when it undergo lysis |
Endotoxin |
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It is the increasing number of cells and population |
Bacterial growth |
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A type of toxin that is produced by gram negative bacteria and it is release when it undergo lysis |
Endotoxin |
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It is the increasing number of cells and population |
Bacterial growth |
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Time to double its number |
Generation time |
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A type of toxin that is produced by gram negative bacteria and it is release when it undergo lysis |
Endotoxin |
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It is the increasing number of cells and population |
Bacterial growth |
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Time to double its number |
Generation time |
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Generation time of staph aureus |
4 hours |
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A type of toxin that is produced by gram negative bacteria and it is release when it undergo lysis |
Endotoxin |
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It is the increasing number of cells and population |
Bacterial growth |
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Time to double its number |
Generation time |
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Generation time of staph aureus |
4 hours |
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Generation time of M. Leprae |
Several months to several years |
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It is where the bacteria adapt to the environment. The metabolism increases at this phase |
lAg phase |
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It is where the bacteria adapt to the environment. The metabolism increases at this phase |
lAg phase |
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Log phase is also known as |
Exponential phase/ logarithmic phase |
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It is where the bacteria adapt to the environment. The metabolism increases at this phase |
lAg phase |
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Log phase is also known as |
Exponential phase/ logarithmic phase |
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At this phase, the reproduction rate increases. |
Log phase |
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It is where the bacteria adapt to the environment. The metabolism increases at this phase |
lAg phase |
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Log phase is also known as |
Exponential phase/ logarithmic phase |
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At this phase, the reproduction rate increases. |
Log phase |
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At this phase, the new cell is equal to old/dying cell |
Stationary phase |
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It is where the bacteria adapt to the environment. The metabolism increases at this phase |
lAg phase |
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Log phase is also known as |
Exponential phase/ logarithmic phase |
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At this phase, the reproduction rate increases. |
Log phase |
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At this phase, the new cell is equal to old/dying cell |
Stationary phase |
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The number of old cell is greater than the number of new cells |
Death/Decline phase |
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A type of gene transfer where it start with parent cell and it undergo binary fision |
Vertical |
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A type of gene transfer where it start with parent cell and it undergo binary fision |
Vertical |
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A type of gene transfer where the donor cell donates genes to the recipient cell |
Horizontal |
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A process which involves in external DNA |
Transformation |
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A process which involves in external DNA |
Transformation |
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A process where the virus is involved |
Transduction |
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A segment of a Dna capable of moving via jumping |
Transposons |
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Other name of transposition |
Jumping genes |
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A segment of a Dna capable of moving via jumping |
Transposons |
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Other name of transposition |
Jumping genes |
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It requires high concentration of oxygen |
Obligate aerobes |
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It requires free of oxygen |
Obligate anaerobes |
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microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions |
Methanogens |
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It is flexible because it survive even in the absence of Oxygen |
Facultative aerobe |
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It is flexible because it survive even in the absence of Oxygen |
Facultative aerobe |
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It requires poor concentration of oxygen |
Aerotolerant aerobe |
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It requires 2-10% of Oxygen |
Microaerophiles |
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It requires smoke in order to survive and grow. |
Capnophiles |
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Cold loving bacteria |
Psychrophiles |
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Temperature of psychrophiles |
< 0 degree C |
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Temp of psychrotropic |
0-30 Degree C |
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Can live to human body temperature |
Mesophiles |
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Hot loving bacteria |
Thermophiles |
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Temp of thermophiles |
>40 degree C |
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Extremely hot loving |
Hyperthermophiles |
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Temp of hyperthermophiles |
>85 - >100 degree C |
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Major nutrient required by a bacteria |
Carbohydrates Amino acid Lipid |
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an organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions |
Autotroph |
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Bacteria on the nose |
Staph aureus |
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Disease of S. epidermidis |
Stitch abscess/ Surgical suture Endocarditis |
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What is the causative agent of endocarditis caused by prosthetic heart valves |
Staph. Epidermidis |
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A test used to differentiate S. aureus and epidermidis |
Coagulase test |
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+ catalase + coagulase |
Staph aureus |
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+ catalase - coagulase |
S. Epidermidis |
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- catalase test |
Streptococcus |
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Color of colony of S aureus |
Golden yellow |
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MOA of TSS |
Stimulation of CYTOKINES |
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What is the toxin produced by scalded skin syndrome |
Exfoliative toxin |
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an organism that cannot manufacture its own food by carbon fixation and therefore derives its intake of nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter. |
Heterotroph |
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Skin boils is aka |
Furuncles |
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What is the causative agent of acute endocarditis |
Staph aureus |
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It causes gastroenteritis, food intoxication |
Food poisoning |
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It is a skin infection which has a red patch near the lips and it is highly contagious |
Impetigo |
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skin condition in which hair follicles become inflamed |
Folliculitis |
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It is a several boils join together to form a single infection |
Carbuncle |
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Infection of bone marrow + surrounding bones |
Osteomyelitis |
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Osteomyelitis affect what part of the body of children |
Long bone |
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Osteomyelitis affect what part of the body of adult |
Vertebrae |
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Treatment for uncomplicated s aureus |
Penicillin |
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an organism that obtains hydrogen or electrons from organic substrates. |
Organotrophs |
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Tx for penicillin resistant S aureus |
Methicillin |
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Tx for methicillin resistant S aureus |
Vancomycin |
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Tx for vancomycin resistant s aureus |
Linezolid |
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An enzyme which is responsible for the lysis of RBC |
Hemolysin |
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Culture medium used in hemolysis |
Blood agar medium |
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Partial hemolysis |
Alpha hemolysis |
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Complete hemolysis |
Beta hemolysis |
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No hemolysis |
Gamma hemolysis |
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Classification based on group antigen |
Lancefield |
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Major antiphagocytic factor |
M protein |
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diverse group of organisms using inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic or anaerobic respiration. |
Lithotrophs |
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Repeated, left untreated disease |
Sequelae |
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Systemic inflammation of heart |
Rheumatic heart disease |
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organisms that obtain energy through chemical process called chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis. |
Chemotroph |
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the organisms that carry out photon capture to acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. |
Phototroph |
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Test to differentiate staphylococcus and streptococcus |
Catalase test |
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Positive result of catalase test |
Formation of bubbles |
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Culture media of staphylococcus |
MSA ( Mannitol Salt Agar ) |
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Bacteria in the skin |
Staph epidermidis |
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Inflammation of kidneys |
Glomerulonephritis |
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Toxin produced by scarlet fever |
Erythrogenic toxin |
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Inflammed/strawberry red tongue |
Scarlet fever |
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Inflammed/strawberry red tongue |
Scarlet fever |
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Aka puerperal fever |
Child bed fever |
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Inflammed/strawberry red tongue |
Scarlet fever |
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Aka puerperal fever |
Child bed fever |
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It is a necrotizing fasciitis |
Flesh eating strep |
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Inflammed/strawberry red tongue |
Scarlet fever |
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Aka puerperal fever |
Child bed fever |
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It is a necrotizing fasciitis |
Flesh eating strep |
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It causes neonatal meningitis;sepsis |
S agalactiae |
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DOC for neonatal meningitis |
Penicillin Amox |
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