Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
__________ occur upon second and subsequent exposures to an antigen.
|
Memory responses
|
|
________ are the cells from which all circulating cells arise.
|
hematopoietic stem cells
|
|
_________ are small regulatory proteins essential for communication between cells. They include interferons, interleukins, colony-stimulating factors, and tumor necrosis factors. They have many actions in the inflammatory response and contribute to fever production and to development of specific immune response.
|
cytokines
|
|
immunity
|
defense against infectious diseases and cancer
|
|
Skin and mucous membranes present strong barriers to infection, aided in their effectiveness by the flushing action of ____________.
|
secretions
|
|
3 important antimicrobial factors, found in secretions, body fluids and cells:
|
lysozyme
peroxidase system lactoferrin |
|
________ is found in saliva, milk, and neutrophils and forms chlorine (atoms) which kills bacteria.
|
peroxidase
|
|
2 primary lymphoid tissues:
|
bone marrow (B cell maturation)
thymus (T cell maturation) |
|
__________ is an iron-binding protein found in saliva, milk, mucus, and neutrophils and it binds up iron so microbes cannot use it.
|
lactoferrin
|
|
Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate in response to __________ into specific types of blood cells.
|
colony-stimulating factors
|
|
immunology
|
study of the mechanisms of host defense
|
|
_________phagocytize and digest engulfed materials.
|
neutrophils (PMN's)
|
|
____________are immune responses that are not directed at a specific infectious agent or material and these responses are not affected by prior exposures
|
nonspecific defense mechanisms
|
|
_______participate in infammatory reactions and to parasites.
|
Eosinophils
|
|
Lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow are called _______ cells (are responsible for producing antibodies).
|
B cells
|
|
______release histamine and other inflammatory chemicals.
|
basophils
|
|
_______are responses that require exposure to develop (very precise mechanism)
|
specific defense mechanisms
|
|
List nonspecific defense mechanisms:
|
Physical barriers - skin and mucous membranes
Secretions - musus, saliva, urine Antimicrobial substances in body fluids & phagocytes Inflammation - releases chemicals that attract phagocytes and other cells to the area of injury Physiological defenses - Fever |
|
_______release histamine.
|
mast cells
|
|
Specific defense mechanisms are dependent on ________ (B and T cells).
|
lymphocytes
|
|
Competition by ______ _______ prevents infection with many potential pathogens.
|
normal flora
|
|
The ______ ______ _______ is a system of mononuclear cells (monocytes and macrophages) scattered throughout the body that are highly efficient at phagocytosis.
|
mononuclear phagocyte system
|
|
Where are hematopoietic stem cells are found?
|
bone marrow
|
|
List four granulocytes involved in host defense:
|
eosinophils
basophils mast cells neutrophils (PMN's) |
|
Name three types of cells that take in virus or bacteria and chews it up and stick a piece on their surface:
|
monocytes,
macrophages, dendritic cells |
|
Name three types of cells that take in virus or bacteria and chews it up and stick a piece on their surface (after which T and B cells come in and get fired up):
|
monocytes,
macrophages, dendritic cells |
|
Antibodies and lymphocytes respond to specific ______ (proteins)
|
antigens
|
|
Along with the _________, the mononuclear phagocytes are the "professional phagocytes".
|
neutrophils
|
|
Name Secondary lympohoid tissues:
|
adenoids, tonsils, spleen, appendix, lymph nodes, skin associated with lymphoid tissues, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues
|
|
Macrophages and dendritic cells also play essential roles in specific immune resonses as _____ ______ cells.
|
antigen-presenting
|
|
______ cells 1)kill, 2) coordinate response, and 3) supress the immune reaction.
|
T cells
|
|
________ tissues are distributed all over the body and are sites where lymphocytes interact with foreign materials.
|
lymphoid
|
|
________ cells make antibodies.
|
B cells
|
|
Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus are called ________ cells (responsible for specific cellular immune resonses).
|
T cells
|
|
________ is found in serum, tears and mucus along with neutrophils and macrophages. It also breaks down peptidoglycan (gram +) in bacterial cells walls.
|
lysozyme
|
|
2 types of lymphocytes:
|
T cells
B cells |
|
__________ are lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells in a non-antigen specific manner.
|
Natural killer cells
|
|
_________ are the type of cells primarily responsible for specific immune responses.
|
lymphocytes
|