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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Variolation
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an early method of vaccination using infected material from a patient
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Vaccine
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a suspension of organisms that is used to induce immunity
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Attenuated whole-agent vaccines
Give examples of this kind of vaccine |
use living but weakened microbes. this vaccine will mimic an actual infection and often achieves lifelong immunity
{measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox} |
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Herd immunity
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when the general population is immune to a certain disease
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Inactivated whole-agent vaccines
Give examples of this kind of vaccine |
are vaccines that use microbes that have been killed
{whooping cough, polio,rabies} |
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Toxoids
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inactive toxins
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Subunit vaccines
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use only antigenic fragments of a microorganism that stimulates an immune response
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Nucleic acid vaccines
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DNA injected into muscle results in production of the protein antigen encoded in the DNA
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Hybridoma
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the fusing together of "immortal" cancerous B cells with antibody-producing normal B cells
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Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs)
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are useful because they are uniform, highly specific, and can be produced in large quantities
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Precipitation Reactions
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a reaction between soluble antigens and multivalent antibodies to form visible aggregates
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Agglutination Reactions
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the reaction that occurs and forms antibodies and antigens together
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Neutralization Reaction
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is an antigen-antibody reaction where the harmful effects of a bacterial exotoxin or virus are blocked by specific antibodies
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Complete Fixation
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process where complement combines with an antigen-antibody complex
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Fluorescent-antibody (FA) Techniques
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can identify microorganisms in clinical specimens and can detect the presence of a specific antibody in serum
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
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there are two basic methods Direct ELISA(detects antigens) and Indirect ELISA(detects antibodies)
Its a popular test because the results are easy to read - ELISA is used in over the counter pregnancy tests |
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Immunoblotting (Western Blotting)
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is used to identify a specific protein mixture - it is valuable in diagnosing diseases
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