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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Humoral immunity
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immunity brought about by antibodies
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cellular immunity
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immune response that involves T cells binding to antigens presented on antigen-presenting cells; T cells then change into several types of effector cells
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B Cells
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are responsible for cell-mediated immunity
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Antibodies recognize and interact with regions on antigens called _____
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epitopes or antigenic determinants
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_______are globins proteins and are generally called _________( )
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Antibodies
Immunoglobulins (Ig) |
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what are antibodies made in response to?
What do they do? |
an antigen
recognize and bind to the antigen |
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what are the five classes of Igs?
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IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE
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IgG
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make up 80% of all antibodies in serum
can cross the placenta and confer passive immunity to the fetus protect against circulating bacteria and viruses they neutralize bacterial toxins and trigger the complement system |
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IgM
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5 monomers held together by a J-chain
generally remain in blood vessels without going into surrounding tissue they are the first appear at the site of infection |
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IgA
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prevents the attachment of microbial pathogens to mucosal surfaces
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IgD
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found in blood and lymph
has no well defined function |
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IgE
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provoke the response to an allergic reaction
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memory cells
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are responsible for enhanced secondary response to an antigen
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clonal selection
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development of clones of B and T cells against a specific antigen
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clonal deletion
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elimination of B and T cells that react with self
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Affinity is
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the strength of the bond between an antigen and antibody
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Agglutination
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is when antibodies cause antigens to clump together
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opsonization
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the antigen is coated with antibodies that enhance its ingestion and lysis by phagocytic cells
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Neutralization
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is when IgG antibodies inactivate microbes by blocking their attachment to the host
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Thymic Selection
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the weeding out process of immature T cells that occurs in the thymus
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Microfold Cells/M Cells
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intestinal cells that take up and transfer antigens to lymphcytes
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Peyer's Patches
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secondary lymphoid organs located on the intestinal wall-M cells are located here
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What are the 2 divisions of T cells?
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T helper cells and T cytotoxic cells
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What does APC stand for?
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Antigen-presenting cells
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Macrophages are important for..
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innate immunity and ridding the body of worn out blood cells
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NK cells
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(Natural Killer Cells) - attack and destroy target cells
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cytokines
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small proteins released from human cells, they regulate the immune response; directly or indirectly
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interleukin
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a chemical test that causes T cell proliferation
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Chemokines
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important in inflammation
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Tumor necrosis factor
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a cytokine family that are a strong factor in inflammatory reactions in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis
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Cytokine storm
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over production of cytokines
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Antibody titer
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intensity of antibody-mediated humoral response is reflected by the antibody titer
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Naturally acquired active immunity
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developes when a person is exposed to antigens, becomes ill, then recovers - once acquired, immunity is life long
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Naturally acquired passive immunity
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natural transfer of antibodies from a mother to her infant
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Artificially acquired active immunity
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resulting from a vaccine
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Artificially acquired passive immunity
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injection of antibodies into the body - comes from a person who is already immune
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Serology
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study of reactions between antibodies and antigens
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