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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Procaryotes
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Bacteria = Eubacteria
Archaea |
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What are theh Eucaryotes
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Everything else
From yeast to humans |
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Similarities between procarotic and eucaryotes
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Contain proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
Use the same metabolic and biosyntehsis processes to break down nutrients and story energy. |
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Characteristics of Procaryotic cells
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Genetic material not membrane bound and not associated with histones
Usually have only one chromosome Do not have membrane bound organelles (No Mitochondria) Usually divide by binary fission |
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Characteristics of Eucaryotic cells
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Genetic material is membrane bound and associated with histones
usually have more than one chromosome Have membrane bound organelles, Mitochondria, etc Usually divide by mitosis |
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Monomorphic
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Usually bacteria are like this
They maintain the same type of shape But when in the host or under stress in the environment they may change shape such as salmonella |
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Pleomorphic
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Sometimes bacteria are like this.
Cells do not have one type of shape Pleomorphic species can have different shape. |
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A Cocci shape bacteria that is Gram negative
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Neisseria
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Bacteria Shape: Cocci
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Spherical/round shaped bacteria
Most are Gram Positive except Neisseria |
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Different kinds of Cocci
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Streptococcus - Diplococci is one plane OOOOOO
Micrococcus - Tetrads two planes like a cube of 4 O's Staphlyococci - Many planes |
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Bacteria Shape: Bacilli
And different kinds of Bacilli |
Rod shaped Bacteria
Dilpobacilli pairs o-o Ovoid Streptobacilli chains oooooooooo |
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Examples of Bacilli Bacteria
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Bacillus Gram Positive
Escherichia Gram Negative Salmonella Gram Negative Shigella Gram Negative Lactobacillus Gram Positive |
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Bacteria Shape: Spirals
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Bacteria with a twist
Vibrios - Curbed - Vibrio Cholera Spirilla - Corkscrew Spirillum ssp. Spirochetes - Helical and flexible |
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What are the external structures of bacteria
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Capsules
Flagella Fimbriae Cell wall |
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What are some features of the external structures of the bacteria
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Enable the bacterial cells to move, adhere, and sometimes evade the host immune system.
They can be the first structure the host immune system comes in contact with. External structure can be used for the development of new vaccines and drugs Usually are virulence factors: Enable bacteria to cause disease |
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Capsule
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Capsules are usually composed of polysaccharides
Composition of capsules differ for each bacterial species Important for Attachement to host cells Protection against desiccation Protection against host immune system |
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What are the three main structures of flagella
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Filament
Hook Basal Body ROTATES |
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Explain Flagella movement
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Flagella move via the rotationo f the basal body
basal body acts as a motor flagella does not rotate at one speed some organisms are faster than others. |
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Fimbriae
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Long appendages
Primary attachment Used for attachment to host cells and other surfaces |
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What do Gram Positives have?
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Thick peptidoglycan layer
N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) N-actylmuramic Acid (NAM) Plasma Membrane |
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Teichoic Acid
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Individual peptidoglycan layers are linked via teichoic acid
SWIRLY GOING UP AND DOWN |
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Lipoteichoic acid
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Peptidoglycan layers joined to cytoplasmic inner membrane straight swirly up and down
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Gram negative contains
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Outer membrane which has a thin peptidoglycan layer
Periplasmic space between OM and IM contains peptidoglycan Lipopolysaccharide makes a major portion of the outer membrane |
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Strudcture of the LPS
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Three major parts
The lipid A - |
