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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a virus
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Genetic material that can not replicated independently of host cell
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What is a Virion
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A virus particle: extracellular form of a virus
It is the virus as we know it. Nucleic genome that is surrounded by a protein coat |
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DNA viruses have what ?
RNA viruses have what ? What do Retroviruses have What do Hepadnaviruses have |
DNA viruses - ss DNA or ds DNA
RNA viruses - ss RNA or ds RNA Retro- ss RNA Hepadna - ds DNA |
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Virion size
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0.02-0.4 µm
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Describe a (acanthamoeba polyphaga) Mimivirus
Who does it affect |
dsDNA virus
flagella all around Bigger than prokaryotes Amoebae and and large eukaryotes |
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Describe the difference between a naked virus and an enveloped virus
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Naked just has capsid (polymer of capsomeres) surrounding the nucleic acid called the nucleocapsid.
Enveloped virus has an envelope around nucleocapsid |
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what is the symmetry of a naked virus and what causes it to be in this shape
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Helical symmetry because of the RNA being wrapped with capsomeres in a spiral
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Human papilloma virus
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its 20 sided called a icosahedron
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What is the most studied virus
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T4 bacterial phages are the most studied virus
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Influenza virus is known to be _________ virus making able to be _________
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enveloped , pleomorphic
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Can a virus affect different super groups ? (Jumping between species)
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Viruses are specific, only to one species.
Bacterial viruses can jump hosts rarely. Animal viruses jump hosts more often. I.e. Between species |
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Where are Animal viruses cultivates, plant viruses cultivated, bacteria viruses
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Animal- need whole tissue or cell culture
plant - need the whole plant itself bacteria - need just one unicellular bacteria |
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What does PFU count
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Placque forming unit( how many bacteria there are in a plate cultivated with agar, bacteria and viruses
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List the steps, in order, of viral replicatino ( starting from otside the cell to more viruses leaving host cell) (5)
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-attachment (adsorbtion) - specifically recognized by the virus
-penetration (injection) -synthesis of nucleic acid and protein -assembly and packaging - spontaneously make the coat -release (lysis) |
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What virus is specific to E.coli
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Bacteriophage T4
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How does T4 work
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Attaches to E.coli via tail fibers that interact with the polysaccharides on E. coli cell envelope
Tail fibers retract and tail core makes contact with E. coli cell wall Lysozyme-like enzyme forms small pore in peptidoglycan Tail sheath contracts and viral DNA passes into cytoplasm |
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What do early proteins that are synthesized do
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Viruses need special proteins and enzymes so these proteins are made first to allow the the virus nucleic acid to form
synthesized in smaller amounts |
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What are the late proteins synthesized to do
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they are the virus coat proteins or any other structural component
Synthesized in larger amounts |
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What is eclipse and maturation
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Eclipse is when you don't have viable phages
Maturation is when they can infectious |
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What is virulent mode
Pathway name? |
When a viruses a lyses a cell after infection
Lytic |
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What is temperate mode
Pathway name? |
viruses that integrate their DNA into the host cells DNA and replicate with cell division
Lysogenic |
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what is Induction
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When a cell goes from Lysogenic pathway to lytic pathway
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What kind of genome comprises the seasonal flu? How does it look?
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- Single stranded RNA
-Protein envelope, lipid bilayer, glycoproteins -DNA on 8 different segments |
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What is antigenic shift vs. anigenic drift
Explain in terms of a human virus |
shift- unique reassortments
drift- minor mutations in envelope |
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Endemic
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Annual
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Epidemic
Shift or drift |
every 2-3
Drift |
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Pandemic 10-40
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from 10-40
Shift |
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What does HIV lead to
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AIDS ooooemmmgeeeh
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What does HIV infect and what antigen does it detect on the surface of the cells
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Macrophages and T-cells ( immune cells )
CD4 |
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How do you die from AIDS
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Attack by secondary opportunistic infections.
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What is Kaposi’s sarcoma
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co-infection of herpesvirus and HIV leads to specific cancer
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