Microbio Lecture Midterm Answers

Front 1

In Pasteur's swan neck flask experiment, the importance of the s-shaped curves in the flasks was two-fold. The curves allowed entry of the air, and yet excluded
A) Nutrients.
B) Heat.
C) Maggots.
D) Bacteria.
E) Broth.

Back 1

D) Bacteria.

Front 2

The first observations of bacteria were made by
A) Van Leeuwenhoek
B) Hooke
C) Pateur
D) Needham

Back 2

A) Van Leeuwenhoek

Front 3

The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as
A) fermentation
B) pasteurization
C) tyndallization
D) lyophilization
E) alcoholism

Back 3

A) fermentation

Front 4

Using microbes to clean up pollutants is called:
A) Bioremediation
B) Genetic engineering.
C) Gene therapy.
D) Nitrogen fixation
E) Fermentation

Back 4

A) Bioremediation

Front 5

Which is not a characteristic of the normal microbiota?
A) Often are called the Normal Flora.
B) Regularly associated with disease symptoms.
C) Live within our bodies.
D) May benefit the human host.
E) Live on our bodies.

Back 5

B) Regularly associated with disease symptoms.

Front 6

The germ theory of disease was proven by:
A) Koch
B) Lister
C) Bassi
D) Pasteur

Back 6

A) Koch

Front 7

Which of the following is not correctly matched
A) Parasitology - study of pathogens
B) Bacteriology - study of E. coli O157:H7
C) Mycology - study of athletes foot
D) Immunology - study of vaccines

Back 7

A) Parasitology - study of pathogens

Front 8

In the scientific name Escherichia coli, Escherichia is the
A) Genus
B) Family
C) Species
D) Class

Back 8

A) Genus

Front 9

The laboratory and medical procedures employed to prevent microbial contamination are called:
A) Bioremediation
B) Sterilisation
C) Koch's postulates
D) Aseptic techniques

Back 9

D) Aseptic techniques

Front 10

Which one of the following is an example of bioremediation
A) Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to make wine
B) Use of Bacillis thuringiensis to kill crop eating insects
C) Use of Pseudomonas to remove uranium from soil at weapons depots
D) Use of cowpox virus to vaccinate against smallpox virus

Back 10

C) Use of Pseudomonas to remove uranium from soil at weapons depots

Front 11

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell that lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus. You would expect to find -
A) ribosomes
B) mitochondria
C) an endoplasmic reticulum
D) a golgi complex
E) all of the above

Back 11

A) ribosomes

Front 12

Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched
A) Mitochondrion - cellular respiration
B) Lysosomes - secretion
C) Centrioles - cell division
D) Golgi complex - sorting proteins

Back 12

B) Lysosomes - secretion

Front 13

In a prokaryotic cell, all of the following are functions of the glycocalyx except which one
A) Attachment to enviromental surface
B) Protection against dehydration
C) Protection from phagocytosis
D) Toxic to humans

Back 13

D) Toxic to humans

Front 14

Pseudomurein is found in the cell walls of
A) gram-positive bacteria
B) Mycoplasmas
C) archea
D) gram-negative bacteria

Back 14

C) archea

Front 15

Your lab partner observes a cell which has porins and thylakoid membranes. Which of the following do you conclude
A) it is a gram - positive chemoheterotroph
B) it is a gram - negative chemoautotroph
C) it is a gram - positive photoautotroph
D) it is a gram - negative photoautotroph

Back 15

D) it is a gram - negative photoautotroph

Front 16

For a cell, which of the following has the greatest amount of energy per molecule
A) NADH
B) ATP
C) acetyl CoA
D) ADP

Back 16

C) acetyl CoA

Front 17

Which of the following uses carbon dioxide for carbon and hydrogen for energy?
A) chemoautotroph
B) chemoheterotroph
C) photoautotroph
D) photoheterotroph

Back 17

A) chemoautotroph

Front 18

Nitrobacter bacteria use carbon dioxide for their carbon source and nitrite ions as an energy source. This organism is a
A) chemoheterotroph
B) chemoautotroph
C) photoheterotroph
D) photoautotroph

Back 18

B) chemoautotroph

Front 19

Streptococcus bacteria lack an electron transport chain. How many molecules of ATP can a Streptococcus cell net from one molecule of glucose
A) 2
B) 10
C) 36
D) 38

Back 19

A) 2

Front 20

Which of the following requires cell-to-cell contact
A) transduction
B) transformation
C) conjugation
D) mutation

Back 20

C) conjugation

Front 21

In 1928, in his discovery of transformation, Griffin did not know that
A) smooth cells can cause disease
B) DNA from smooth cells can transform rough cells
C) rough cells do not cause disease
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae causes disease

Back 21

B) DNA from smooth cells can transform rough cells

Front 22

An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n)
A) inducible enzyme
B) repressible enzyme
C) restriction enzyme
D) operator
E) promoter

Back 22

A) inducible enzyme

Front 23

Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by
A) mutation
B) conjugation
C) transduction
D) transformation
E) All of the answers are correct

Back 23

E) All of the answers are correct

Front 24

In nature the function of restriction enzymes is to
A) cut plasmids
B) destroy phage DNA
C) destroy foreign DNA in animal cells
D) splice DNA in a cell

Back 24

B) destroy phage DNA

Front 25

In genetic engineering, antibiotic resistance is often cloned into a vector to
A) kill bacteria
B) select for cells that cannot grow
C) make direct selection of a clone possible
D) enhance survival of the cloned cell

Back 25

C) make direct selection of a clone possible

Front 26

If you engineer the Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis into a tomato plant, the resulting plants will
A) be toxic to humans who eat the tomatoes
B) be toxic to insects who eat the plants
C) have a Bacillus infection
D) die

Back 26

B) be toxic to insects who eat the plants

Front 27

The outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi is
A) All members are photosynthetic.
B) Absorption of dissolved organic matter.
C) Absorption of dissolved inorganic matter.
D) All members are microscopic.
E) All members are macroscopic.

Back 27

B) Absorption of dissolved organic matter.

Front 28

A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A) Breeds with other species.
B) Has a limited geographical distribution.
C) Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
D) Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
E) All of the above are true.

Back 28

D) Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.

Front 29

In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A) Specific epithet.
B) Genus.
C) Family.
D) Order.
E) Kingdom.

Back 29

B) Genus.

Front 30

Bacteria and archaea are similar in which of the following?
A) Peptidoglycan cell walls.
B) Methionine is the start signal for protein synthesis.
C) Sensitive to antibiotics
D) Possess prokaryotic cells.
E) None of the above.

Back 30

D) Possess prokaryotic cells.

Front 31

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic cell that lacks a nucleus?
A) Animalia
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Plantae
E) Protist

Back 31

B) Bacteria

Front 32

A gene is best defined as
A) A segment of DNA.
B) Three nucleotides that code for an amino acid
C) A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product
D) A sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product
E) A transcribed unit of DNA

Back 32

C) A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product

Front 33

Which of the following pairs is matched correctly?
A) DNA polymerase : makes a molecule of DNA from an RNA template
B) RNA polymerase : makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template
C) RNA ligase : joins segments of DNA
D) Transposase : insertion of RNA segments into DNA
E) DNA gyrase : relaxes coils in DNA

Back 33

E) DNA gyrase : relaxes coils in DNA

Front 34

Which of the following is not a method of horizontal gene transfer?
A) binary fission
B) conjugation
C) integration of a transposon
D) transduction
E) transformation

Back 34

A) binary fission

Front 35

All of the following are true about bacteriocins except
A) The genes coding for them are on plasmids.
B) They cause food poisoning symptoms.
C) Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative.
D) Bacteria that produce bacteriocins are resistant to their own bacteriocins.
E) None of the above.

Back 35

B) They cause food poisoning symptoms.

Front 36

An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called
A) An inducible enzyme.
B) A repressible enzyme.
C) A restriction enzyme.
D) An operator.
E) A promoter.

Back 36

A) An inducible enzyme.

Front 37

According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the
A) End-product must not be in excess
B) Substrate must bind to the enzyme
C) Substrate must bind to the repressor
D) Repressor must bind to the operator
E) Repressor must not be synthesized

Back 37

C) Substrate must bind to the repressor

Front 38

Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is stopped by
A) The allosteric transition
B) The substrate binding to the repressor
C) The corepressor binding to the operator
D) The corepressor-repressor binding to the operator
E) The end-product binding to the promoter

Back 38

D) The corepressor-repressor binding to the operator

Front 39

The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is
A) Never repaired
B) Repaired during transcription
C) Repaired during translation
D) Cut out and replaced
E) Repaired by DNA replication

Back 39

D) Cut out and replaced

Front 40

Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation
A) Replicates DNA
B) Transfers DNA vertically, to new cells
C) Transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation
D) Transcribes DNA to RNA
E) None of the above

Back 40

C) Transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation

Front 41

The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to
A) Human DNA
B) T. aquaticus DNA
C) A mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA
D) Human RNA
E) T. aquaticus RNA

Back 41

A) Human DNA

Front 42

Sar 11 couldn't be grown in the lab initially, but could be characterized by
A) PCR sugar utilization genes
B) PCR of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes
C) Gram Stain
D) PCR of plasmid genes
E) PCR of tRNA genes

Back 42

B) PCR of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes

Front 43

Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?
A) Chloroplast
B) Cell wall
C) Golgi complex
D) Vacuole
E) Nucleus

Back 43

A) Chloroplast

Front 44

Which of the following is not a structure found in prokaryotic cells?
A) Pili
B) Axial filament
C) Flagella
D) Peritrichous flagella
E) Cilia

Back 44

E) Cilia

Front 45

Which of the following is not a chemical component of a bacterial cell wall?
A) N-acetylmuramic acid
B) Peptide chains
C) Peptidoglycan
D) Teichoic acids
E) Cellulose

Back 45

E) Cellulose

Front 46

In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in
A) Chloroplasts
B) Chromatophores
C) Cytoplasm
D) Mesosomes
E) None of the above

Back 46

B) Chromatophores

Front 47

A eukaryote used in genetic engineering is
A) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
B) Thermus aquaticus
C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D) Bacillus thuringiensis
E) Pseudomonas

Back 47

C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Front 48

Which of the following is not a domain in the three-domain system? (Note: there are only choices A-D for this question.)
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Eukarya
D) Animalia

Back 48

D) Animalia

Front 49

Which of the following is probably true about all the experiments that proved spontaneous generation?
A) The food source could not support life
B) Too much heat was applied
C) Air was lacking
D) Microorganisms were already present
E) All of the above

Back 49

D) Microorganisms were already present

Front 50

Which of the following requirements was necessary for Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation?
A) Removing microorganisms that were initially present
B) Keeping microorganisms out
C) Supplying Air
D) Providing a food source that would support growth
E) All of the above

Back 50

E) All of the above