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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are Nosocomial diseases contracted? (3 reasons)
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1. patients carry lots of infections
2. patients are immunocompromised 3. hospital personnel and equipment can be contaminated |
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Nosocomial infections are caused by what? (5 types)
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1. blood stream infections
2. burn wound infections 3. urinary tract infections 4. surgical site infections 5. respiratory infections |
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Source of bacteria for nosocomial diseases can be?
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Exogenous or endogenous
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Examples of opportunistic bacteria that start up nosocomial diseases? (3)
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E. coli, Staph aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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What is the standard abbbreviation for Peridontal Disease?
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ANUG- acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
periodontal- around tooth gingivitis- gum inflammation |
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Causative agents of periodontal disease?
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Porphyromonas gingivalis, Leptotrichia buccalis, Eikenella
all are G- rods Treponema vincentii: G- spirochete |
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Pathogenicity/Process of Periodontal disease?
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with plaque formation, bacteria colonize periodontal pckets @ gum/tooth border
bacteria produce toxins then proteases cause inflammation of gums (gingivitis) then bone destruction loss of tooth possible |
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ANUG is associated with what factors? (4)
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poor oral hygiene, malnutrition, smoking, and mental stress
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Control of ANUG?
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plaque removal: brush and floss; no floss ANUG can occur in absence of cavities
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Why and how does plaque form?
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-Acquired enamel pellicle made up of negative charged glycoproteins that repel - bacteria
- plaque disrupts natural repulsion - pellicle colonized by streptococci and other bact. - coaggregation of bacteria through LECTIN-CARBOHYDRATE RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS - streptococci produce enzyme that polymerizes sucrose into glucan polymers - glucan cements bacteria together to form plaque |
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What cements bacteria together to form plaque?
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Glucan
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What causes dental caries?
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Streptococcus mutans, mitis, oralis, and sanguis
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What do Streptococcus mutans, mitis, oralis, and sanguis produce?
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Acids (lactic, acetic, formic, butyric) after metabolizing sucrose and other sugars
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Why is plaque so hard to get rid of? And why can't you get rid of the acids?
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B/c not permeable to saliva, therefore the plaque that has the bacteria that make the acids are hard to wash away or dilute
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What do the acids that are produced by the Streptococcus bacteria in the mouth do?
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demineralize enamel and underlying dentin (break down hydroxyapatite)
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What 3 things are necessary in order for dental caries to occur?
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1. buildup of plaque
2. dietary carbohydrate (sucrose) 3. acidogenic bacteria |
