Microbio Lecture 6

Front 1

What does Proper Diagnosis involve?

Back 1

1. Patient History
2. Thorough physical exam
3. An evaluation of signs and symptoms
4. Appropriate clinical symptoms

Front 2

Specimen quality depends on

Back 2

1. Proper selection
2. Proper collection technique
3. Transport to the laboratory

Front 3

Types of clinical specimens

Back 3

1. Blood
2. Urine
3. CSF
4. Sputum
5. Throat Swab
6. Fecal specimen
7. Genital culture

Front 4

Blood

Back 4

1. Blood is normally sterile
2.

Front 5

Bacteremia

Back 5

presence of bacteria in blood

Front 6

How many bottles are normally inoculated?

Back 6

Two. One aerobic and one anaerobic.

Front 7

What anticoagulants are used?

Back 7

SPS

Front 8

Urine Characteristics

Back 8

1. Urine is normally sterile
2. Urine is a good culture medium for many bacteria

Front 9

Procedure of Urine Collection

Back 9

1. Early morning specimen where possible
2. Get a clean voided specimen
3. Information required:
a. Clinical diagnosis, method of collection, time collected
b. any therapies, fluids given
4. Should be refrigerated immediately

Front 10

Infections

Back 10

1. A kidney infection is very serious
2. Much easier for a woman to get a urinary tract infection
3.

Front 11

Calibrated Loop technique

Back 11

1. Loop has been calibrated to carry a certain amount of urine
2. The loop is spread over a plate
3. See how many colonies grow
4. Now we can figure out # of bacteria per ml of sample

Front 12

Cerebral Spinal Fluid INfections

Back 12

1. Meningitis: inflammation of meninges
2. Encephalitis: inflammation/infection of brain

Front 13

Meningitis

Back 13

1. Clinical Symptoms: Fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, lethargy
2. Route of infection: From blood, (hematogenous spread), or from nearby place (ear infections)

Front 14

Collection of Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Back 14

1. Aseptically inserting a needle into subarachnoid space at level of the lumbar spine
2. Need as much as possible
3. CSF is centrifuged, stained, and cultured
4. Brain abcesses: need aspirate, NO SWABS, and transport media for anaerobic culture

Front 15

Throat Swab

Back 15

1. Looking for Strep throat

Front 16

Medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 16

Thayer- Martin

Front 17

Plating media for TB

Back 17

1. Lowenstein-Jensen
2. Middlebrook
3. Also use Ziel Nielson stain (acid fast staining)

Front 18

Culturing for Viruses

Back 18

1. Viruses must be cultured in cells
2. Use serological techniques: blood samples

Front 19

Phases in Infectious disease

Back 19

1. Incubation Period: TIme period between coming in contact and the onset of symptoms
2. Prodromal Period: Patient feels 'out of sorts' but is not ill yet.
3. Period of Illness: this is when people are most infectious to others
4. Convalescent Period: Patient recovers and signs&symptoms disappear.

Front 20

Commonly used terms

Back 20

1. Infectious Disease: disease caused by pathogen
2. Infection: colonization by pathogen
3. Disease: a condition of abnormal function

Front 21

Types of Infections

Back 21

1. Localized
2. Systemic
3. Acute
4. Chronic
5. Subacute
6. Latent
a. may go from symptomatic and nonsymptomatic intermittently

Front 22

Course of an Infectious Disease

Back 22

1. Exposure
2. Incubation
3. Prodromal
4. Period of illness

Front 23

Steps in Pathogenesis

Back 23

1. Entry
2. Attachment
3. Multiplication
4. Invasion or spread
5. Evasion of host defenses
6. Damage to host tissues

Front 24

Virulence factors

Back 24

1. Attachment
2. Capsules
3. Flagella

Front 25

Exoenzymes

Back 25

1. Necrotizing
2. Coagulase
3. Kinases
4. Hyaluronidase
5. Collagenase
6. Hemolysins
7. Lecinthinase

Front 26

Exotoxins

Back 26

1. Exfoliative
2. Erythrogenic
3. Diphtheria