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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What are the 3 main types of airborne transmission?
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1. infected person to susceptible person via talking, spitting, sneezing
2. dust w/ pathogen to susceptible person 3. aerosols of water (AC or spray) |
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What are the two ways to classify Streptococci?
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1. Hemolytic properties
2. Cell wall carbohydrate |
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Hemolytic properties of Streptococci (3)?
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1. alpha: partial destruction: olive green cells
2. beta: complete destruction: clear zone around cells 3. gamma y: no effect - no change |
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C substance?
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Carbohydrate group
designated groups A-O |
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What is the most harmful type of Streptococci to humans?
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Group A beta hemolytic streptococci
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Causative agent of Strep throat?
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Streptococcus pyogenes, G+, cocci
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Transmission of Strep Throat?
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Airborne droplets
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Pathogenicity of Strep Throat?
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M protein and pili adhere to pharyngeal tissue and retards phagocytosis
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Why is it so hard to immunize against Strep Throat?
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Because there are over 60 different types of M protein in cell wall of S. pyogenes
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Major symptoms of Strep Throat?
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high fever, cough, swollen lymph nodes, red pharyngeal tissue erosion, NO RUNNY NOSE!
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Treatment of Strep throat?
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Antibiotics
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Name all the complications associated with Strep throat (6)
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Scarlet fever, erysipelas, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, septicemia, and necrotizing fascitis
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Causative agent of Scarlet fever
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Streptococcus pyogenes G+, BUT with a lysogenized bacteriophage that has an erythrogenic toxin
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virus is in bacteria!
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Pathogenicity of Scarlet fever?
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Bacteriophage encoded erythrogenic toxin
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Major symptoms of Scarlet fever?
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red rash due to blood leaking through walls of capillaries that's damaged by toxin. Rash in soft skin areas: neck, mouth, chest
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Treatment of Scarlet fever?
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Antibiotic
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Pathogenicity of Erysipelas?
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acute infection of dermal layer that usually affects infants and people over age of 30 with history of strep throat
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Symptoms of Erysipelas?
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chronic painful red patches occurring at same body site
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Treatment of Erysipelas?
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Antibiotic
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Pathogenicity of Rheumatic Fever?
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Immune response to antigen on Streptococcus pyogenes. Antibodies cross react with antigens on human heart and joints
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Major symptoms of rheumatic fever?
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Fever, inflammation, scarring and distortion of heart valves and joints
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Pathogenicity of Glomerulonephritis?
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Ag-Ab complexes are lodged in glomeruli
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Symptoms of glomerulonephritis?
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Pain and inflammation in kidneys
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Pathogenicity of necrotizing fascitis?
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infection of sheath around skeletal muscle
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Symptoms of necrotizing fascitis?
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dissolving of flesh- extensive destruction of the subcutaneous tissue
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Pathogenicity of Septicemia?
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infection of the blood that spreads through circulatory system
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Major symptoms of Septicemia?
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blood infected and spreads throughout body can die in 2 hours.
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Causative agent of Diptheria?
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Corynebacterium diptheriae, G+, has metachromatic granules, palisade/chinese character formation
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Transmission of Diptheria?
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Inhalation of droplets near tonsils
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Pathogenicity of Diptheria?
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Exotoxin encoded by lysogenic corynephage that interferes with protein synthesis of epithelial cells.
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Symptoms of Diptheria?
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Pseudomembrane with WBC, fibrous material, dead tissue, mucus that results in respiratory blockage
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Treatment of Diptheria?
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Antitoxin, antibiotic
Vaccinate with DTaP - diptheria toxoid |
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Causative agent of Pertussis?
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Bordetella pertussis, G-, rod bacteria
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Transmission of Pertussis?
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Airborne droplets- pili of bacteria adhere to cilia of epithelial cells
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Pathogenicity of Pertussis?
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ciliated cells destroyed and mucosal escalator impaired
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Major symptoms of Pertussis? (3)
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1. Malaise- low grade fever, worsening cough
2. Paroxysms: stacatto coughs with rapid inhale due to disintegrating cells and mucus accumulation in airways 3. 100 day cough |
malaise, paroxysms, 100 day cough
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Treatment of Pertussis:
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Antibiotics
Vaccinate with DTaP: acellular pertussis - chemical extract |
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Causative agent of meningitis?
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Neisseria meningitidis, G-, encapsulated DIPLOCOCCUS
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Transmission of meningitis?
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Bacteria, viruses and Haemophilus influenze B
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Pathogenicity of Meningitis?
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inflammation of meninges. Bacterial ENDOTOXIN spread into blood stream and CSF causing shock. Death can occur in 2 hours.
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Symptoms of Meningitis (2 sets)
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Mild: influenza like upper respiratory infection
Serious: pounding headache and stiff neck from inflammation of meninges. PETECHIAE appear (red to blue-black spots). 50% death rate if untreated. |
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Treatment of Meningitis (3 drugs)? Diagnosis?
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Diagnosis with spinal tap
Treat with rifampin, penicillin or sulfonamide drugs Rifampin used as a prophylactic drug if exposure has occurred |
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Complications of meningitis?
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome: formation of lesions in adrenal glands accompanied by hormonal imbalances.
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Causative agent of Tuberculosis?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, not + or -, acid fast rod that has MYCOLIC acid in cell wall
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Tranmission of Tuberculosis?
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Inhalation through multiple exposures; enters through alveolus
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More symptoms of tuberculosis? (10/90)
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10% ill in 3 months; cough, chest pain, fever blood in sputum
90%: fever and weight loss |
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Symptoms of tuberculosis?
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tubercle formation: living bacteria, WBC, salts, and fibrous materials. Tubercle breaks and will spread bacteria to liver, kidneys, meninges,and bone
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Tuberculosis spread to bone is called what?
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Miliary tuberculosis
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sounds like military
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Treatment of tuberculosis? Vaccination?
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Isoniazid: but with toxic side effects
Vaccine with PPD: purified protein derivative |
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What is MDR-TB and how do you treat it?
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MDR-TB = multidrug resistant tuberculosis and is treated with 2 drugs for 6-9 months
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In developing countries, more deaths ocur from which disease than any other bacterial disease?
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Tuberculosis
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Causative agent of Pneumococcal pneumonia?
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80% caused by different strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, G+, encapsulated diplococci
some are caused by viruses |
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Tranmission of pneumococcal pneumonia?
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airborne droplets
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Pathogenicity of Pneumococcal pneumonia?
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can have bacterial or viral pneumonia, infection of the lungs where only compromised are affected
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Symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia?
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Fever, dry hacking cough, fatigue
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Treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia?
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Antibiotics
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Causative agent of Primary Atypical Pneumonia?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae, no cell wall, pleomorphic, small bacteria
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Transmission of Primary Atypical Pneumonia?
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Airborne droplets
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Pathogenicity of Primary Atypical Pneumonia?
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- attach to and destroy ciliated cells lining respiratory tract.
- primary disease that occurs in healthy people |
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Symptoms of Primary Atypical Pneumonia?
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Fever, dry hacking cough, fatigue
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Treatment of Primary Atypical Pneumonia?
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Erythromycin, tetracycline (protein inhibitors); penicillin doesn't work due to no cell wall
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Primary Atypical Pneumonia is similar to what disease associated with a bird and its droppings?
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Psittacosis by Chlamydiae psittaci
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Causative agent of Legionnaires Disease?
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Legionella pneumophila, G-, rod bacteria
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Transmission of Legionnaires disease?
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where water collects, person to person is uncommon
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Pathogenicity of Legionnaires disease?
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Legionella cannot exist in water alone- grows inside waterborne protozoa (vector)
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Symptoms of Legionnaires disease?
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fever, dry cough, diarrhea and vomiting (like bad flu)
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Treatment of Legionnaires disease?
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Erythromycin, treat water source with chlorine or heat to prevent more cases
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