Microbial Metabolism

Front 1

Redox reactions

Back 1

involve the transfer of electrons during a chemical reaction.

Front 2

Reduction

Back 2

Gaining an electron, reducing its charge

Front 3

Oxidation

Back 3

A molecule that loses an electron, increasing its charge

Front 4

Redox Potential

Back 4

The change in energy from an electron donor to the electron acceptor is measured in volts

Front 5

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

Back 5

Synthesis of ATP using phosphorylated organic molecule as donor of a phosphate molecule to ADP

Front 6

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Back 6

Catalyzation of ADP with inorganic phosphate to produce ATP, using the ATP Synthase, and energy from the Proton Motive Force.

Front 7

Enzymes

Back 7

Protein catalyst (lowers activation energy) that are highly specific for the reactions they catalyze.

Front 8

Common phosphate bonds in componds

Back 8

1. Phosphoenolpyruvate -> anhydride bond

2. ATP -> anhydride and ester bond

3. Glucose 6-phosphate -> Ester Bond

4. Acetyl-CoA -> Thioester Bond

5. Acetyl Phosphate -> Anhydride bond

Front 9

Glycolysis

Back 9

1. Occurs in the cytoplasm

2. 1 glucose broken down into 2 pyruvate

3. 2 ATP are spent

4. 4 ATP are generated (Net yield = 2 ATP)

5. 2 NADH + H+ are generated

6. Occurs whether glucose is fermented or respired

Front 10

Citric Acid Cycle

Back 10

1. Occurs in respiration, where two molecules of pyruvate generated by glycolysis are completely oxidized to CO2

2. Occurs in Cytoplasm

3. Generates:
a. 4 molecules of NADH + H+
b. 1 molecule FADH2
c. 1 molecule of GTP (that can be converted later to ATP)

Front 11

Electron Transport Chain

Back 11

1. Series of enzymes located in Plasma Membrane

2. Oxidizes NADH and FADH2 generated during Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle

3. Ultimately donates electrons to oxygen forming water

4. Decreasing Free Energy and increasing Electronegativity keep electron flow unidirectional

5. Some enzymes accept electrons + hydrogen

6. Hydrogen ions translocated unidirectionally across membrane

7. Some carriers accept electrons only

Front 12

Types of Enzymes that Participate in ETC

Back 12

1. NADH dehydrogenases

2. Flavoproteins

3. Iron-sulfur proteins

4. Cytochromes

Front 13

ATP Synthase

Back 13

1. Synthesizes ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

2. Parts
F0 = Carries out he ion translocating function

F1 = Carries out the chemical function.

Front 14

ATP Synthase

How does it work?

Back 14

1. H+ ions build up in the periplasmic space.

2. pH gradient and electrical gradient develops, creating a the proton motive force

3. H* ions use proton motive force to move through ATP Synthase, creating a rotation.

4. That rotation changes some of the subunits ATP Synthase that allows them to bind ADP and P to make ATP.

Front 15

Diiference between anaerobic respiration and aearobic?

Back 15

1. Aerobic = terminal electron acceptor is oxygen

2. Anaerobic = terminal electron acceptor is an inorganic compound other than oxygen

Front 16

Fermentation

Back 16

Is the partial break down of pyruvate without the assistance of oxygen creatine NAD and waist products of CO2 and alcohol.