Microbial Growth

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herbivore

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an organism that only consumes plants

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saprobe

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organisms that decomposes dead organic matter to obtain its source of carbon

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binary fission

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refers to the method of cell division of bacteria; one parent cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells

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alkalinophile

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bacteria, pH 8 to 12, such as many soil bacteria

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difference in pH from one whole number to the next

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ten fold

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the bacterial growth curve represents the greatest rate of change

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the log phase

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archaebacteria

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ancient bacteria that survive in extreme pH temperature and salt environments

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why can't an organism survive in a temperature above its maximum

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protein denatures and becomes multifunctional

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Acidphiles

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a bacterium that requires a pH range of 0 to 5, such as Helicobacter pylori , which causes stomach cancer

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extreme halophiles

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archaebacteria that live in places such as the dead sea, great salt lake. where salt ranges from 10% -30%

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lag phase of bacterial growth curve

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no increase in the number of cells because the bacteria is just getting used to the new environment

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direct microscopic count

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measured bacterial growth involving clicker counting bacteria under a grid etched cover slip under a microscope, although both dead and living cells are counted

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obligate aerobe

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a bacterium that requires the presence of atmospheric O2.

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the death phase

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of bacterial growth curve occurs when the rate of reproduction is les than the rate of death, resulting in a decline of population size.
this is due to overcrowding, toxic waste build up, depletion of food, etc

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Alkaline

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or basic, a solution with more OH- ions than H+ ion, pH >7

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microaerophilic

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bacteria that requires the preserve of small amounts (2%-10%) of O2. but atmospheric level (20%) of O2 are toxic

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omnivore

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eats plants and animals

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psychrophile

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a bacterium that lives in extreme cold( 5 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius such )as cold springs polar regions and even the refrigerator

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nutrition

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refers to how an organism obtains both energy and carbon compounds

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aero tolerant bacteria

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are indifferent to o2 concentration. they don't use it but are also not poisened by it

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optical density test

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estimates the bacterial population size
the more cells there are in bacterial suspension the less light that will pass through without being scattered

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fastidious bacteria

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have special growth factor requirements such as certain minerals, vitamins, amino acids etc.
blood agar is a common growth medium for them

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generation time

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the time required for one bacterial cell to produce two new daughter cells doubling time
at average of 20 minutes under optimum condition

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heterotroph

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an organism that cannot make carbon compounds from just co2

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the prefix chemo

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refers to organisms that obtain energy from food molecules

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thermophile

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a bacteria that grows in temperatures from 40 degrees celcius to 90 degrees Celsius
such as in Hot Springs compost heaps and oceanic volcanoes

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autotroph

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an organism that can reduce carbon compounds form just Co2

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stationary phase

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the phase of bacterial growth curve occurs when the rate of reproductionequals rate. of death resulting in no net change in the population size

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binary fission

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the method of cell division of bacteria one parent cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells

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the reason that jam jelly and honey don't Spoil

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the highest osMotic pressure outside the cell causes bacteria to dehydrate and die

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obligate anaerobes

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bacteria that cannot survive in the presence of atmospheric O2

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obligate aerobes

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bacteria that must have atmospheric O2 to survive

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neutrophile

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about true that grows in a pH range at 5 to 8 with 7.0 to 7.2 as optimum

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obligate anaerobe

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bacterium that cannot live in the presence of atmosphere 02 because it is toxic to it

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log phase

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the phase of the bacterial growth curve when bacteria are at their healthiest and most typical

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photo and chemo are prefixes that indicate an organism source of

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EnergY

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acidic

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a solution with more H+ ions than OH - ion has a pH value below 7

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the prefix photo

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reffers to an organism that obtains its energy from the Sun

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the term nutrition refers to how an organism attend both the energy and _____###_## compounds

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carbon

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bacterial growth

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refers to an increase in the number of the population not individual size as in plants or animals

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carrying capacity

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refers to the number of living organisms any particular environment can support

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generation time

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the time required for one bacterial cells produce two new daughter cells also called doubling time 20 minutes under optimum conditions

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facultative anaerobes

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.that's true that would prefer to have oxygen for respiration but can do without it by fermenting

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halophile

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with regard to salt concentration this is a bacteria that live in the ocean

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carnivore

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an organism that can consume only animal matter

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all organisms have a temperature and pH _______

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range
in which they can exist there is a minimum at one end and a maximum at the other end

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both living and dead cells are counted

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optical density test to measure bacterial growth involves passing a beam of light through a bacterial suspension to a photo detector

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archaea bacteria that extreme halophile

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live in places such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake or salt concentrations are from 10 to 30%

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mesophile

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bacteria that requires the temperature range of 20 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius
such as an environmental bacteria and human pathogens

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log phase

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base of the bacterial growth curve is one lab testing should be done and when antibiotics are most effective

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plate count method

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used to measure bacteria growth only count live cells but takes at least one day it is based on the premise that it's bacterial cell will multiply to form one visible colonial on agar

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the optimum temperature or pH

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refers to the particular organism grows at its very best and fastest rate

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performing an optical density test is a bacterial population size the fewer cell s that are in the bacterial suspension the _______light will pass through without being scattered

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