Microbial Growth

Front 1

microbial growth is the increase of ___ of cells

Back 1

number

Front 2

lowest temperature at which a specie can grow

Back 2

minimum growth temperature

Front 3

temperature at which a specie will grow best (fastest growth rates)

Back 3

optimum growth temperature

Front 4

highest temperature at which a specie will grow

Back 4

maximum growh temperaure

Front 5

-cold-loving microbes
-grow between 0-30 C
-cause food spoilage
-grow very well in fridge temps

Back 5

psychrotrophs

Front 6

-moderate temp
-pathogen growth
-cause infection
-body temp

Back 6

mesophiles

Front 7

-archaea, hot-springs
-heat resistant
-endopore
-survive food treatment
-organic compost

Back 7

thermophiles

Front 8

most bacteria grow between pH __ and __

Back 8

6.5-7.5

Front 9

molds and yeasts grow at a ph between __ and __

Back 9

5-6

Front 10

___ grow in acidic environments

Back 10

acidophiles

Front 11

___ bacteria survive pH of 1 (drain water, coal mines, oxidize sulfur)

Back 11

chemoautotrophic

Front 12

___ ___ adapt to high salt environments, require high osmoic pressure

Back 12

extreme/obligate halophiles

Front 13

___ ___ do not require high salt concentration; tolerate high osmotic pressure

Back 13

facultative halophiles

Front 14

there are four elements require in large amount by microbes:

Back 14

carbon nitrogen
sulfur
phosphorus

Front 15

-structural backbone
-chemotrophs use organic __ sources
-photo-autotrophs use CO2 by photosynthesis

Back 15

carbon

Front 16

-in amino acids and proteins
-most bacteria decompose proteins
-some bacteria use ammonium ions (NH4) ir nitrate ion (NO3-)
-few bacteria use N2 in nitrogen fixation

Back 16

nitrogen

Front 17

-in amino acids, vitamin such as thiamine/biotin
-most bacteria decompose proteins
-some bacteria use sulfate ions (SO4 2-) or hydrogen sulfide

Back 17

sulfur

Front 18

-important for synthesis of nucleic acid: DNA, ATP, RNA, and cellular membranes

Back 18

phosphorus

Front 19

O2 boosted to higher-energy state

Back 19

singlet oxygen

Front 20

__ are essential organic compounds that cannot be synthesized by the organism; must be obtained from the environment

Back 20

organic growth factors

Front 21

___ ar bacteria living in a community to form slime on teeth, rcoks, fish; mor efficient levels of survival

Back 21

biofilms

Front 22

___ are nutrients prepared for microbial growth

Back 22

culture mediums

Front 23

no living microbes

Back 23

sterile

Front 24

introduction of microbes into medium

Back 24

inoculate

Front 25

microbes growing in/on culture medium

Back 25

culture

Front 26

-complex polysaccharide
-used as soldifying agent
-generally not metabolized by microbes
-liquifies at 100C, solidifies at ~40C

Back 26

agar

Front 27

exact chemical compostition is known

Back 27

chemically defined media

Front 28

motly used for heterotrophic organisms; do not know exact amount of chemical compostition

Back 28

complex media

Front 29

-reducing media
-contain chemicals sodium thioglycolate & oxyrase that combine to dissolve O2 and ultimately deplete O2

Back 29

anaerobic culture methods

Front 30

-designed to encourage growth of certain types or organisms/inhibit others
-suppress unwanted microbes and encourage desired

Back 30

selective media

Front 31

-contain indicators
-makes it easier to distinguish colonies of different microbes

Back 31

differential media

Front 32

encourages growth of desired microbe

Back 32

enrichment media

Front 33

___ contains only one species or strain

Back 33

pure culture

Front 34

__ is a population of cells arising from a single cell or spore or form a group of attached cells

Back 34

colony

Front 35

a colony is often called a ___

Back 35

colony forming unit
CFU

Front 36

___ can be done to preserve for short-term storage of bacteria

Back 36

refrigeration

Front 37

___ can be used to preserve a pure culture in glycerol and quick freeze at -50C to -95C

Back 37

deep freezing

Front 38

preservation- freeze-drying
frozen at -54C to -72C
dehydrated in a vacuum

Back 38

lyophilization

Front 39

-binary fission (most)
-few by budding
-conidiospores (actinomycetes)
-fragmentation of filaments

Back 39

reproduction of prokaryotes

Front 40

lag phase
eponential/log phase
stationary stage
death/logarithmic decline

Back 40

acclimatize
cells grow rapidly
deaths=births
deaths > cells

Front 41

-plate counts
-filtration
-MPN
-direct microscopic count
-dry weight

Back 41

direct methods of measuring microbial growth

Front 42

-turbidity
-metabolic activity
-dry weight

Back 42

indirect ways of measuring microbial growth

Front 43

number of bacteria/ml=
number of cells counted
-----------------------------------
volume of area counted

Back 43

direct microscopic count