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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Toxins
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Any poisonous substance produced by a microorganism
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Toxemia
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The presence of toxins in the blood
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Endotoxin
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Part of the outer portion of the cell wall (lipid A) of most gram-negative bacteria; released on destruction of the cell
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Exotoxin
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A protein toxin released from living, mostly gram-positive bacterial cells
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Normal Microbiota
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The microorganisms that colonize an animal without causing disease
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Reservoir of Infection
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Sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection (Animal Reservoir, Human Carriers, Nonliving Reservoirs)
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Droplet Transmission
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The transmission of infection by small liquid droplets carrying microorganisms
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Vehicle Transmission
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The transimssion of a pathogen to a large number of people by an inanimate res
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Airborne Transmission
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The spread of pathogens greater than 1 meter in air from reservoir to susceptible host
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Virulence
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The degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism
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Vector
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A plasmid or virus used in genetic engineering to insert genes into a cell
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Fomites
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Non-Living Objects
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Capsid
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The protein coat of a virus that surrounds the nucleic acid
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Lysogenic Cycle
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Stages in viral development that result in the incorporation of viral DNA into host DNA
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Lytic Cycle
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A mechanism of phage multiplication that results in host cell lysis
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Pathology
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The scientific study of disease
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Infection
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The invasion of growth of microorganisms in the body
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Disease
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An abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is incapable of performing normal functions any change from a state of health
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Pathogenesis
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The manner in which a disease develops
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Symbiosis
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The living together of two different organisms or populations
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Persistant Viral Infection
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A disease process that occurs over a long period; also called slow viral infection
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Latent Disease
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A disease characterized by a period of no symptoms when the pathogen is inactive
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Commensal
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A symbiotic relationship in which two organisms live in association and one is benefitted while the other is neither benefitted nor harmed
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Mutualism
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Type of symbiosis in which both organisms or populations are benefitted
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Ribosome
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The site of protein synthesis in a cell; composed of RNA and protein
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Transcription
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Process of synthesizing RNA from DNA template
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Translation
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Use of mRNA as a template in the synthesis of protein
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Codon
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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies the insertion of an amino acid into a protein
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Anticodon
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The three nucleotides by which tRNA recognizes an mRNA codon
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Operon
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The operator and promoter sites and structural genes they control
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Restriction Enzymes
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Enzymes that cut double stranded DNA, leaving sticky ends
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Vector
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A plasmid or virus used in genetic engineering to insert genes into a cell
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