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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prions wwere discovered by
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Stanly Pruisner
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The protein coat of the virus is called
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capsid
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A complete virus is called a
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virion
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A virus that coexists with its host is called
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temperate virus
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This virus is known to cause liver cancer
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HBV
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This virus secretes a______to soften the host cell before entry
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lysozyme
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The time from adsorption to release is called
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burst time
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This virus is responsible for a std
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HSV2
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These virus-like particles cause diseases only in plants
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viroids
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Rubella is a known example for a
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teratogen
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A virus that infects bacteria is known as
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bacteriophage
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Prions are known to excessively accumulate in
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plasma membrane
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Retrovirus contains
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RNA
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Viroids are naked
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RNA
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This is the best method to grow viral vaccines
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diploid fibroblast strains
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This is a retrovirus
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HTLV
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The presense of viroid can be detected by this method
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RNA sequencing
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These enzymes are known to join 2 DNA moleculed together
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Ligase
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This virus is known to cause cerivical cancer in women
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HPV 8
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........is a virus known to cause leukemia in humans
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HTLV
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Localized accumulation of invasive, abnormal cells is known as
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tumor
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A start codon is always
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methionine
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Mad cow disease is caused by
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prion
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Tomato apical stunt disease is caused by a
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viriod
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Caffeine is an example for
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base analong
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Acridine dervatives always cause
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frame shift
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The Ames test uses an auxotrop of
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Salmonella
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Ultra violet rays cause dimmer effect on these molecules
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pyrimidine
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Light repair takes place exclusively in these organisms
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bacteria
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Transduction happens between a bacteria and
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viruses
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These plasmids are only found in fungi
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T1 plasmids
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this plasmid plays an important role in establishing pathogenicity in killer bacteria
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Virulent plasmidss
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Bacteria killing proteins are known as
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bacteriocins
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These genes are known as jumping genes
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transposon
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Bacteria killing protein are produced by genes located on this plasmid
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bacteriocinogen
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Alkylating agents add this molecule to the bases
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CH3
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Clolstrum is a bodily fluid rich in
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antibodies
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These proteins that can slice DNA into bits
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restriction enzymes
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Immunoglobulin is mainly present in blood
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IgG
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Immunoglobulin are also known as
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antibodies
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This immunoglobulin is connected with the mast and baseophils and is used to detect an allergic reaction
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IgE
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These small non protein molecules bind with larger protein molecules and cause anaphylctic reaction
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Hapten
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Tolerance in host cells is achieved by
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Radiation
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UV mutation involves the aligning of 2 adjecent
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pyrimidine
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For sucessful conjugation to occur one of the bacterial cells must contain this plasmid
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F plasmid
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Antigens usually contain antigen binding sites called
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epitopes
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Kaposi Sarcoma is mainly associated with this virus
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HIV
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A cell without a cell wall is known as
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protoplast
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Monoclonal antibodies are a fusion of
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myeloma cancer
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......are Y shaped molecules
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antibody
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A site to which antibodies bind on an antigen is known as
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epitope
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The first stage of viral replication is
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adsorption
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synthesis of lysozyme takes place in this stage
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penetration
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The viral nucleic acid and capsid are assembled to produce new viral particles in this stage
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maturation
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This monoclonal antibody is used in the treatment of leukemia
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rituxan
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Kuru is caused by
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prions
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Gardasil is an effective vaccine for prevention of this virus
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HPV 8
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A known teratogen found in the Arkansas river is
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mercury
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Proteins are synthesized in this organelle
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ribosomes
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Cephalomycin, a cephalosporin is produced by this genetic engineering method
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protoplast fusion
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Mustard gas is known as
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alkylating agent
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Naturally occuring mutation are known as
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spontaneous mutation
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This bacteriocin is commericially available and used on cheese
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Nisin
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List 3 reasons as to why viruses are considered as non living
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No organelles
Need living host Synthesis |
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What is a Torch series? Why is it used in medicine?
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It is used to detect tetagen, so it detects birth defects in the embryo
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List 3 differences between viroids & viruses
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Viruses die w/radiation, die @ 90 degrees C, and have NA and protein. Viriods - do not require a helper virus, RNA is alway copied in the in the host cell nucleus, & viroid consists of a single circular RNA molecule
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List 3 diseases caused by viroids
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Potato spindle tuber, chrysanthemum stunt disease, tomato apical stunt
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List the 3 steps in heredity. Explain each stage.
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Replication - DNA produces more DNA
Transcription - DNA helps make RNA Translation - RNA combines w/amino acids to produce proteins |
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Differentiate the characteristics between the 2 types of strains used by Fredrick Griffiths
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Used Smooth R (killed) and Rough R (did not kill)
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4 different types of mutation. Which causes cancer
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Point, frameshift, UV, and spontaneous. Framshift causes cancer
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List 2 types of DNA repair mechanisms. Explain the role of the 4 different enzymes involved in human DNA repair
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Light & Dark
1. Endonucleus 2. DNA polymerse 3. Exonucleus 4. Ligase |
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What is the dimer effect? Which mutagen causes it.
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consist of two adjacent pyrimidine (two thymine, two cytosines, or thymine and cytosine) bond together in a DNA strand
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List and explain 2 tools of biotechnology
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Gene Amplification - plasmids self replicate
Recombinate DNA - recombines 2 different DNA from 2 organsisms to create commerial products like insulin |
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6 Major groups of plasmids. Which plasmids are involved in the synthesis of bacteria killing proteins and antibotic resistance
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F, R, Catabolite, bacteriocigens, virulent, & T1. Bacteriocigins - kill proteins. R - resistant to antibotics
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What is taxol and Factor VIII? What are they used for?
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both are products of genetic engineering. Taxol is an anti cancer drug. Factor VIII is a blood clotting drug
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List 3 diseases caused by prions
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scrapie, kura, bsc
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Explain 2 ways of getting naturally acquired immunity
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Exposure to disease and drinking colostrum
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List 4 properties of a good immune system. Which one plays a role during organ transplantation
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Self vs. Host - play role
Memory diversity specificity |
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List 3 immunoglobulins & cite location of 2
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IgA - tears
IgG - blood IgM |
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What does DPT& MMR stand for
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Measles, Mumps, & Rubella
Diptheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis |
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List 2 kinds of polio vaccines? which is is better & why?
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Salks - dead virus last 3 to 5 years
Sabine - live virus last for 10 years |
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How does a vaccine differ from a taxiod
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vaccine a person is injected w/live or dead virus
Taxiod - a person is injected w/toxin |
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List 3 known cancers caused by viruses
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Cerivical cancer
liver cancer cancer of connective tissue |