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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gram positive bacteria
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Thick cell wall made of peptidoglycan and contains teichoic acid.
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Gram negative bacteria
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Thin peptidoglycan layer. Outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharides.
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Auramine-rhodamine
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Nonspecific fluorochromes that bind to mycolic acids. Resist decolorization. Appear orange-yellow in UV light.
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Direct fluorescent antigen
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Antibody that is directed at the target antigen also carries the fluorochrome.
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IgM
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First responder. An elevation of IgM is an indication of first exposure to the antigen.
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Moraxella/Neisseria
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Gram negative diplococci (GNDC), catalase positive, oxidase positive, capnophilic
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Moraxella catarrhalis
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Normal respiratory flora. Many WBC. Beta lactamase positive (resistent to penicillin class drugs; includes ampicillin). Butyrate esterase positive.
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Neisseria meningitidis
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Seen in normal upper respiratory flora. Can be transmitted by aerosols. Recovered in blood, CSF, other sterile sites. Easily cultured on routine media: BAP/CHOC. Vaccine available.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Always a pathogen. Urogenital specimens. Adheres to mucosal cells w/ pili. Selective media. Incubation requires CO2.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections
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Males: 95% symptomatic. Urethra discharge. Gram stain of discharge showing WBCs is diagnostic.
Females: 50% symptomatic. Untreated results in pelvic inflammatory disease. Endocervical is specimen of choice. |
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N. gonorrhoeae collection and transport
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Dacron or rayon swabs. JEMBEC / Amies
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Chlamydia
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Most common reportable STD. 85% women are asymptomatic. Can cause PID if untreated. Cause: Chlamydia trachomatis. Treatable w/ antibiotics.
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Bacterial vaginosis
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Change in normal vaginal flora. Amine products produce a fishy odor when mixed with 10%KOH (positive Whiff test). Dx'd by gram stain (clue cells).
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Syphilis testing
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Nontreponemal (looks for how body reacts to having organism--ie. VDRL, RPR), treponemal (looks for organism itself), EIA, NAT
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Haemophilus
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-Small GNR, coccobacillus
-Mousy odor -Small, tan smooth and moist looking colonies -Likes CO2 -Many normal flora of upper resp tract |
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H. influenza
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-Meningitis
-Otitis media -Capsule, IgA enzymes, endotoxins, pili |
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H. parainfluenza
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Needs V (NAD)
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HAECK
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-capnophilic
-grow poorly on BAP -normal flora of oral cavity -cause endocarditis |
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Pasteurella
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-Cat bites
-Grows on BAP and CHOC, not MAC |
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Brucella
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-Bioterrorism agent
-Mercury drops -Animal contact -Aerosols |
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Francisella tularensis
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Zoonosis common from rabbits, dears. Lab-acquired infection. Bioterrorism agent. Requires cysteine (ex. BCYE media)
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Legionella
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Requires L-cysteine and iron. Special media: BCYE. Caused by pneumonia. Found in water systems. Can "trick" host cells into transporting organism into cells ER.
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Bordetella
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Whooping cough. Exotoxins. Pili. Vaccine available.
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Four frequent laboratory acquired infections
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Brucella, Campylobacter, N. meningitis, Tuberculosis
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Bioterrorism list
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B. anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Y. pestis
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