Micro Lab

Front 1

_______,the cellular absorption and expression of the new gene combination in a cell

Back 1

transformation

Front 2

Because the genetic code is nearly universal,________can accept foreign DNA derived from any other organism.

Back 2

e.coli

Front 3

A foreign gene inside e.coli can be replicated, and in most cases translated, into a __________

Back 3

protein

Front 4

e.coli is a normal inhabitant of the human__________

Back 4

digestive tract

Front 5

in the large intestines, e.coli absorbs digested foods and produces______that are useful to humans.

Back 5

vitamins

Front 6

it makes sense to incubate e.coli cells at the body temperature of___________

Back 6

37

Front 7

__________contains nutrients similar to those found in the colon.

Back 7

luria burtoni broth

Front 8

the natural transformation of bacterial cells, was first described by____________, in 1928.

Back 8

frederick griffith

Front 9

e.coli cells growing in mid-log growth phase, in a cold________ solution are heat shocked at 42c

Back 9

calcium chloride

Front 10

some bacteria that are actively dividing contain membrane___________that allow the passage of DNA

Back 10

PORES

Front 11

positively charged calcium ions seem to bind_________in the cell membrane at the location of the pore.

Back 11

neg, phospholipids

Front 12

calcium ions seem to attract negatively charged_________to that region of the cell.

Back 12

DNA

Front 13

_______may physically pump DNA through the pore.

Back 13

heat shocking

Front 14

_____________can destroy the antibiotic, ampicillin.

Back 14

penicillinase

Front 15

x-gal is a substrate analog of lactose that forms a______________ color when digested.

Back 15

blue

Front 16

e.coli cells that have been transformed with___________ will form blue colonies when grown on media containing x-gal.

Back 16

pBLU

Front 17

in the absence of________x-gal will not be digested and bacterial colonies will remain white.

Back 17

`beta galactosidase

Front 18

white colonies that grow on media containing ampicillin and x-gal are those that have absorbed the________complex

Back 18

r-p VIB

Front 19

the ability of transformed e.coli cells to grow on media containing ampicillin is one of two markers used to ________transformed cells.

Back 19

select

Front 20

what is the first reagent added to the transformation tubes?

Back 20

calcium chloride

Front 21

what is added to the tubes after the heat shock treatment?

Back 21

luria burtani broth

Front 22

growth of colonies on antibiotic medium provides______ evidence that bacterial cells have been transformed with a plasmid.

Back 22

phenotypic

Front 23

to confirm this at the _________level, plasmid DNA is isolated from the transformants.

Back 23

genotypic

Front 24

restriction analysis of recombinant DNA provides a_____ of its genetic identity.

Back 24

fingerprint

Front 25

transformed cells taken from an antibiotic resistant colony are grown to _________phase in a overnight culture,

Back 25

stationary

Front 26

cell are collected by_______

Back 26

centrifugation

Front 27

ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) binds positive calcium and magnesium ions that are necessary for___________stability.

Back 27

membrane

Front 28

_________, an ionic detergent, dissolves the phospholipid and protein components of the cell membrane.

Back 28

SDS

Front 29

______________denatures both plasmid and chromosomal DNAs into single strands.

Back 29

sodium hydroxide

Front 30

the single stranded__________loops remain linked together like interlocking rings.

Back 30

plasmid

Front 31

at a neutral pH, the DNAs______________

Back 31

recombine

Front 32

____________DNA only partially recombine and becomes trapped in the SDS/lipid/protein precipitate.

Back 32

chromosomal

Front 33

the plasmid DNA recomnbines into double stranded molecules that remain in______________

Back 33

solution

Front 34

_____________is added to precipitate the plasmid DNA, which is pelleted by centrifugation.

Back 34

isopropanal

Front 35

the pellet containing the plasmid is washed with____________and resuspended in a small volume of TE buffers/

Back 35

ethanol

Front 36

treatment with__________destroys RNA, leaving clean plasmid DNA

Back 36

RNASE

Front 37

What remains in the tube, as a pellet, after step#4?

Back 37

cells

Front 38

what remains in the tube as a pellet after step #14

Back 38

DNA

Front 39

how long do the cells incubate in isoprpanol at room temp?_____________

Back 39

2 min

Front 40

what is used to dry the nucleic acid pellet?>

Back 40

kair dryer

Front 41

in what buffer is the DNA precipitate stored>?>

Back 41

T.E

Front 42

Dna molecules of different___________can be separated using the process of gel electrophoresis.

Back 42

different sizes

Front 43

the name for this technique means that DNA molecules will be carried with__________through a jell like material.

Back 43

electricity

Front 44

DNA molecules are nucleic acids with a___________electrical charge.

Back 44

neg

Front 45

when placed in an electrical field, DNA molecules will move towards the ___________pole.

Back 45

pos

Front 46

during the electrophoresis process, DNA fragments sort by size in____________

Back 46

agarose gel

Front 47

the porous gel matrix acts as a__________

Back 47

molecular sieve

Front 48

the distance traveled by a DNA fragment is____________proportional to its size.

Back 48

inversely

Front 49

in a given period of time smaller DNA fragments travel___________through the gel.

Back 49

further

Front 50

a gel can efficiently separate DNA fragments ranging in size from 100 nuclotides to more than__________

Back 50

50,000

Front 51

DNA fragments of different size ranges can be seperated by adjusting the____________of agarose.

Back 51

concentration

Front 52

a low concentration (down to 0.3%) produces a loose gel that is more appropriate for separating___________fragments.

Back 52

larger

Front 53

a dense sucrose solution causes the DNA to_______into a depression in the gel

Back 53

sink

Front 54

_______________in the loading solution, which has a negative electrical charge, move through the ge; with the unseen DNA

Back 54

visible dyes

Front 55

following electrophoresis, the gel is soaked in a solution of the stain,_____________

Back 55

ethidium bromide

Front 56

the stain becomes concentrated in regions where_______exist.

Back 56

DNA fragments

Front 57

the stained gel is exposed to__________

Back 57

uv light

Front 58

stained DNA fragments appear as_________ fluorescent bands in the gel.

Back 58

orange

Front 59

each DNA band is a collection of millions of identical DNA molecules, all of the same_________

Back 59

nucleotide length

Front 60

at what voltage will the power source be set?

Back 60

150 volts